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. 2020 Oct 27;10:18412. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75361-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Rotenone accelerates α-syn aggregation by reducing lag phase. Kinetics of α-syn fibrilization (a) and oligomerization (b) induced by varying concentration of rotenone(ROT) (as shown α-syn:ROT ratios). The fluorescence intensity of thioflavin-T upon binding to misfolded and aggregated α-syn was measured for kinetic analysis. The start of exponential rise in ThT binding counted as lag phase from the fibril kinetics curves of 1a (c). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) for hydrodynamic radii analysis of α-syn monomer, oligomers and fibrils in the absence (α-syn, d) and presence of rotenone (α-syn + ROT, e). Structural morphology of the oligomers and fibrils (O, F) and rotenone induced fibrils at 1:5 ratio of α-syn:ROT (FR) was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (f). The fibrils and oligomers were prepared at agitating and static conditions respectively as described in material and methods. (Supplementary information: Table S1, Fig. S1a–c).