Table 1.
Drivers of warming as seen from the top of the atmosphere.
| Cryosphere element | LR + WV [W/m2] | Clouds [W/m2] | Albedo [W/m2] | All changes [W/m2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSI | 0.20 (0.17–0.23) | 0.08 (0.07–0.09) | 0.41 (0.35–0.47) | 0.69 (0.59–0.79) |
| GIS | 0.14 (0.13–0.16) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.22 (0.20–0.25) | 0.43 (0.39–0.47) |
| WAIS | 0.05 (0.04–0.05) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 0.10 (0.08–0.11) | 0.18 (0.16–0.21) |
| MG | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) | 0.28 (0.26–0.32) |
| All | 0.45 (0.41–0.49) | 0.17 (0.16–0.19) | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) | 1.35 (1.22–1.46) |
ASSI Arctic summer sea ice, GIS Greenland Ice Sheet, WAIS West Antarctic Ice Sheet, MG Mountain glaciers.
The additional radiative perturbation for the fast climate feedbacks as evaluated in CLIMBER-2 at a global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial for disintegration of the respective element given as changes in W/m2. The values are given as median and interquartile range (in brackets) of the ensemble. The “LR + WV” column represents the lapse rate and water vapour additional radiative perturbation column together as they are anti-correlated and thus not independent57. Note that the albedo forcing values refer to both, a forcing and a feedback. The forcing part is the removal of the cryosphere components and the feedback part comprises changes in vegetation and snow cover in response to the additional warming.