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. 2020 Oct 27;10:18349. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75162-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Multifaceted mechanisms affecting FMT treatment outcome. FMT treatment outcome of (A) successful FMT recipients, and (B) failed FMT recipients. A successful treatment outcome includes the repair of the disturbed gut microbial ecosystem by transient colonization of nexus species followed by secondary succession of bile acid metabolizers, sporulators, and short chain fatty acid producers. A failed treatment outcome may be due to the presence of fungal and bacterial genera including Yarrowia and Wigglesworthia in recipients, minimizing the establishment of repair or successful secondary colonization for functional ecosystem restoration.