Table 2.
Clinical Tested Drug Delivery Systems Containing Taxanes and Their Stage of Development and Dosing Schedules
| Compound | Trade mark | Payload | Development stage | Currently used dosing regimen | Tested or approved tumor types | Commonly observed toxicity | Ref | ||
| Conventional | |||||||||
| Cabazitaxel | Jevtana | FDA approved | 25 mg/m2 every three weeks combined with daily 10 mg oral prednisone | Hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer | Alopecia, Anorexia, Arthralgia, Asthenia, Constipation, Cough, Diarrhea, Dysgeusia, Dyspnea, Fatigue, Hematuria, Myelosuppression, Nausea, Neuropathy, Pain, Pyrexia, and Vomitinga | 3 | |||
| Docetaxel | Taxotere, Docecad, Docefrez | FDA approved | 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer | Alopecia, Anorexia, Asthenia, Constipation, Diarrhea, Dysgeusia, Dyspnea, Fluid retention, Infections, Infusion reaction, Mucositis, Myalgia, Myelosuppression, Nail disorders, Nausea, Neuropathy, Pain, Skin reactions, and Vomitinga | 2 | |||
| 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Breast cancer | 2 | |||||||
| 75 mg/m2 combined with 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin and 500 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks | Breast cancer | 2 | |||||||
| 75 mg/m2 combined with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks | Non-small cell lung cancer | 2 | |||||||
| 75 mg/m2 combined with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin and 5 days of 750 mg/m2 fluorouracil every 3 weeks | Gastric adenocarcinoma, head and neck cancer | 2 | |||||||
| 75 mg/m2 combined with 100 mg/m2 cisplatin and 4 days of 1000 mg/m2 fluorouracil every 3 weeks | Head and neck cancer | 2 | |||||||
| Paclitaxel | Taxol, Onxal, Anzatax, Asotax, Bristaxol, Praxel, Genexol | FDA approved | 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer | Alopecia, Arthralgia, Diarrhea, Edema, Hypotension, Infections, Infusion reaction, Mucositis, Myalgia, Myelosuppression, Nausea, Neuropathy, and Vomitinga | 1 | |||
| 100 mg/m2 every 2 weeks | Kaposi sarcoma | 1 | |||||||
| 135 mg/m2 combined with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks | Ovarian cancer | 1 | |||||||
| 175 mg/m2 combined with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks | Ovarian cancer | 1 | |||||||
| 175 mg/m2 combined with 80 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks | Non-small cell lung cancer | 1 | |||||||
| Polymeric nanoparticle | |||||||||
| NAB-paclitaxel | Abraxane | Paclitaxel | FDA approved | 260 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Breast cancer | Abnormal ECG, Alkaline phosphatase elevation, Alopecia, Anemia, Arthralgia, AST elevation, Asthenia, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Infections, Myalgia, Nausea, Neuropathy, and Neutropeniaa | 91 | ||
| 100 mg/m2 on day 1, 8 and 15 of a cycle of 21 days combined with carboplatin (AUC 6 mg*min/mL) | Non-small cell lung cancer | Alopecia, Fatigue, Myelosuppression, Nausea, and Neuropathya | 91 | ||||||
| 125 mg/m2 nab-paclitaxel combined with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 given on day 1, 8 and 15 of a 28 days cycle | Pancreatic cancer | Alopecia, Decreased appetite, Dehydration, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Nausea, Neuropathy, Neutropenia, Peripheral edema, Pyrexia, Rash, and Vomitinga | 91 | ||||||
| BIND-014 | Docetaxel | Phase II | Published | 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer | Alopecia, Anemia, Diarrhea, Dyspnea, Fatigue, Lymphocytopenia, Nauseab | 28 | ||
| Published | 40 mg/m2 weekly | Advanced solid tumors | Alopecia, Anemia, Decreased appetite, Diarrhea, Dysgeusia, Fatigue, Mucosal inflammation, Nausea, Neutropenia, Stomatitis, and Vomitingb | 29 | |||||
| Docetaxel-PNP | Docetaxel | Phase I | 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Alopecia, Myalgia, and Neutropenia (DLT: Hypophosphatemia)c | 100 | |||
| PNP-DTX | Docetaxel | Phase I | Published | 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Decreased appetite, Fatigue, Myalgia, and Neutropeniac | 101 | ||
| CRLX301 | Docetaxel | Phase I/II | Terminated | 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Diarrhea, Fatigue, Infusion reaction, Nausea, and Neutropeniab | 102 | ||
| Micelle | |||||||||
| NANT-008 | Genexol-PM, Cynviloq | Paclitaxel | Phase III | Published | 260 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Recurrent or metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer | Asthenia, Constipation, Myalgia, Nausea, Neuropathy, Neutropenia, and Rashb | 79 | |
| CPC634 | CriPec docetaxel | Docetaxel | Phase II | 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Decreased appetite, Fatigue, Infusion reaction, Nausea, Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia, Skin rash, and Vomitingb | 77 | ||
| NK105 | Paclitaxel | Phase III | Published | 65 mg/m2 on day 1, 8 and 15 of a cycle of 28 days | Recurrent or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast | Alopecia, Leukopenia, Nausea, Neuropathy, Neutropenia, and Rashb | 84 | ||
| Liposome | |||||||||
| MBT-0206 | EndoTAG-1, LipoPac | Paclitaxel | Phase III | 1.1 mg/kg body weight | Head and neck cancer | Chills, Fatigue, Hypertension, and Nauseac | 61 | ||
| 22 mg/m2 weekly combined conventional paclitaxel | Triple negative breast cancer | Alopecia, Dyspnea, Fatigue, Infusion reaction, Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Pyrexiab | 65,59 | ||||||
| 44 mg/m2 twice a week | Triple negative breast cancer | Alopecia, Chills, Dyspnea, Fatigue, Nausea, Neutropenia, and Pyrexiab | 59 | ||||||
| LEP-ETU | Paclitaxel | Phase II | Published | 275 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Metastatic breast cancer | Alopecia, Fatigue, Myalgia, Myelosuppression, Nausea, and Neuropathyb | 50 | ||
| LE-DT | Docetaxel | Phase I | Published | 85 mg/m2 without G-CSF or 110 mg/m2 with G-CSF every weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Alopecia, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Infusion reaction, Neutropenia, and Painb | 103 | ||
| ATI-1123 | Docetaxel | Phase I | Published | 90 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Anemia, Anorexia, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Nausea, and Neutropeniab | 104 | ||
| SGT-53 and docetaxel | Docetaxel | Phase I | Published | SGT 3.6 mg DNA/infusion and 75 mg/m2 docetaxel | Advanced solid tumors | Chills, Dehydration, Diarrhea, Fever, and Myelosuppressionb | 105 | ||
| PTX-LDE | Paclitaxel | Phase II | Published | 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Epithelial ovarian carcinoma third line | No toxicity described | 106 | ||
| MNK-010 | Docetaxel | Phase I | Terminated | 120 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Fatigue, Nausea, and Vomitingc | 107 | ||
| MM-310 | Docetaxel | Phase I | Unknown | ||||||
| Nanodispersion | |||||||||
| PICN | Paclitaxel | Phase II/III | Published | 260 mg/m2 or 295 mg/m2 every three weeks | Metastatic breast cancer | Alopecia, Asthenia, Leukopenia, Mucositis, Neuropathy, Neutropenia, and Painb | 108 | ||
| Submicron crystals | |||||||||
| SOR007 | Nanopac | Paclitaxel | Phase II | Unknown | |||||
| Microparticle | |||||||||
| AI-850 | Paclitaxel | Phase I | Published | 205 mg/m2 every 3 weeks | Advanced solid tumors | Alopecia, Anorexia, Fatigue, Infusion reaction, Nausea, Neuropathy, and Neutropeniab | 109 | ||
Notes: aThe most common toxicity according to FDA label. bThe 5 most commonly observed all grade toxicity and the 3 most commonly observed grade ≥3 toxicity derived from the reference. cThe most commonly observed toxicity according to the reference.