Table 1.
Univariate regression analysis and OR of developing COVID-19, with 95% CIs. Red bars indicate criteria for statistical significance were met (p < 0.05).
| Predictor | n = 2764 | OR* (95% CI) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 1332 (48.2%) | 1.94 (1.17–3.22) | 0.01 |
| Female (ref) | 1432 (51.8%) | |||
| Age, median (IQR) | 64 years (52–73) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.93 | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| CVD | 382 (13.8%) | 1.61 (0.88–2.95) | 0.12 | |
| HTN | 664 (24.0) | 1.46 (0.83–2.58) | 0.19 | |
| Diabetes | 256 (9.3%) | 0.73 (0.30–1.77) | 0.49 | |
| COPD | 90 (3.3%) | 1.13 (0.34–3.71) | 0.85 | |
| Long-term steroids | 347 (12.6%) | 2.03 (1.14–3.62) | <0.05 | |
| Anticoagulation | 332 (12.0%) | 1.64 (0.83–3.23) | 0.15 | |
| Any comorbidities, n (%) | 1448 (52.4%) | 2.29 (1.19–4.38) | 0.01 | |
| Type of malignancy, n (%) | Haematological | 1245 (45.3%) | 1.22 (0.74–2.00) | 0.44 |
| Solid (ref) | 1519 (55.0%) | |||
| Cancer type – Solid malignancies, n (%) | ||||
| Breast | 316 (11.4%) | 0.53 (0.16–1.79) | 0.31 | |
| CNS | 88 (3.2%) | 1.00 (0.24–4.24) | >0.99 | |
| Gastrointestinal | 223 (8.1%) | 0.88 (0.35–2.21) | 0.78 | |
| Female reproductive organs (n = 1432) | 246 (17.2%) | 1.13 (0.41–3.10) | 0.81 | |
| Male reproductive organs (n = 1332) | 178 (13.4%) | 0.13 (0.02–0.997) | 0.05 | |
| Respiratory and intrathoracic organs | 205 (7.4%) | 2.12 (1.04–4.36) | 0.04 | |
| Sarcoma | 180 (6.5%) | 0.45 (0.11–1.86) | 0.27 | |
| Urinary tract | 23 (0.8%) | 3.61 (0.82–15.90) | 0.09 | |
| Unknown primary | 14 (0.5%) | 3.35 (0.42–26.48) | 0.25 | |
| Cancer type – Haematological malignancies, n (%) | ||||
| Acute lymphoblastic leukaemias | 57 (2.1%) | 0.64 (0.08–4.84) | 0.67 | |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 41 (1.5%) | 1.05 (0.13–8.24) | 0.96 | |
| Myeloid neoplasms | 478 (17.3%) | 0.60 (0.28–1.27) | 0.18 | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphomas | 324 (11.7%) | 1.77 (0.96–3.27) | 0.07 | |
| Plasma cell neoplasms | 345 (12.5%) | 1.38 (0.72–2.63) | 0.33 | |
| Treatment intent, n (%) | Palliative | 1782 (64.5%) | 0.89 (0.53–1.48) | 0.65 |
| Curative (ref) | 982 (35.5%) | |||
| Cancer treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Chemotherapy | 1421 (51.4%) | 2.99 (1.72–5.21) | <0.001 | |
| High dose | 130 (9.1%) | 2.36 (1.35–6.48) | 0.007 | |
| Standard dose (ref) | 1291 (90.9%) | |||
| Hormone therapy | 144 (5.2%) | 0.18 (0.02–1.33) | 0.09 | |
| Targeted treatment | 964 (34.9%) | 0.53 (0.30–0.95) | 0.03 | |
| Immunotherapy | 229 (8.3%) | 0.31 (0.08–1.28) | 0.11 | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | n = 1808 | |||
| Asian/Asian British | 76 (4.2%) | 2.22 (0.85–5.81) | 0.10 | |
| Black/African/Caribbean/Black British | 408 (22.6%) | 0.81 (0.41–1.58) | 0.53 | |
| Mixed/Multiple Ethnic Groups | 957 (52.9%) | 0.04 (0.01–0.13) | <0.001 | |
| White | 278 (15.4%) | 12.13 (6.96–21.1) | <0.001 | |
| Other | 89 (4.9%) | 0.66 (0.16–2.75) | 0.56 | |
*
All models include variables age (continuous), gender (male/female), CVD (yes/no), HTN (yes/no), COPD (yes/no) and diabetes (yes/no) by default.
CI, confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HTN, hypertension; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio.