TABLE 1.
Examples of STAT activators and heterodimer partners
| STAT | Principal activator(s)a | Heterodimer partners/cytokines shown to promote heterodimer formation | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAT1 | All IFNs |
STAT2 (type I and III IFNs) STAT3 (IFNs, IL-6, IL-27, EGF) STAT4 (IL-35) |
1, 4, 25, 216 |
| STAT2 | Type I and III IFNs |
STAT1 (type I and III IFNs) STAT6 (type I IFNs) |
1, 4 |
| STAT3 |
IL-6 family (e.g., IL-6, LIF, OSM) IL-10, G-CSF, EGF |
STAT1 (IFNs, IL-6, IL-27, EGF) STAT5 (IL-2, IL-7 M-CSF, PDGF) STAT4 (IL-23) |
1, 4, 25, 151, 216 |
| STAT4 | IL-12, IL-23, IL-35 |
STAT1 (IL-35) STAT3 (IL-23) |
1, 4 |
| STAT5a/b | Gamma chain cytokine family (e.g. IL-2, IL-7, IL-15) IL-3, GM-CSF, prolactin, EPO | STAT3 (IL-2, IL-7 M-CSF, PDGF) | 1, 4, 97, 151 |
| STAT6 | IL-4, IL-13, IL-15, PDGF | STAT2 (type I IFNs) | 1, 4, 126 |
a
EGF, epidermal growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.