TABLE 5.

Examples of viral regulators of STAT6^a

Virus	Effect on STAT6	Reference(s)
Herpesvirus saimiri	Herpesvirus saimiri Tip interacts with STAT6 and promotes STAT6 activation/gene expression, promoting cell transformation.	270, 271
HTLV-1	HTLV-1 Tax upregulates transcription from the IL-13 promoter, promoting IL-13/STAT6 signaling and cell survival/transformation.	272
EBV	EBV Zta upregulates transcription from the IL-13 promoter, promoting IL-13-induced cell proliferation. IL-13/IL-4-activated STAT6 binds and activates transcription from the LMP1 promoter in viral genome.	133, 134
	STAT6 expression is reduced during lytic EBV infection.	138
KSHV	KSHV induces basal STAT6 phosphorylation through upregulation of IL-13 and downregulation of SHP1, promoting cell proliferation.	135, 136
	KSHV LANA binds and induces truncation of STAT6, inhibiting IL-4/STAT6 signaling. Truncated STAT6 binds the RTA promoter in the viral genome, inhibiting RTA expression/virus reactivation. KSHV RTA binds STAT6 and induces STAT6 proteasomal/lysosomal degradation to promote virion production.	135, 137, 138

^aLightface and boldface indicate stimulatory and inhibitory effects, respectively, on STAT6.