Table 2.
The pathogen results of glucocorticoid users with community-acquired pneumonias according to different subgroup
| Variables, n (%) | CAP, n=635 | HAP, n=81 | Simple glucocorticoid users, n=263 | Glucocorticoid with immunosuppressant users, n=372 | Patients discharged alive, n=479 | Patients died during hospitalisation, n=156 | Persistent lymphocytopenia group, n=264 | Non-lymphocytopenia group, n=371 | Patients use high-dose steroids, n=219 | Patients use low-dose steroids, n=416 |
| Total pathogenic positive rate | 438 (69.0) | 62 (76.5) | 190 (72.2) | 248 (66.7) | 321 (67.0) | 117 (75.0) | 190 (72.0) | 248 (66.8) | 181 (82.6) | 257 (61.8)* |
| Pathogens covered by CAP therapy | 167 (26.3) | 24 (29.6) | 79 (30.3) | 88 (23.7) | 126 (26.3) | 41 (26.3) | 77 (29.2) | 90 (24.3) | 70 (32.0) | 97 (23.3)† |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 6 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (1.2) |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 18 (2.8) | 5 (6.2) | 10 (3.8) | 8 (2.2) | 13 (2.7) | 5 (3.2) | 10 (3.8) | 8 (2.2) | 7 (3.2) | 11 (2.6) |
| Escherichia coli | 16 (2.5) | 3 (3.7) | 6 (2.3) | 10 (2.7) | 12 (2.5) | 4 (2.6) | 7 (2.7) | 9 (2.4) | 6 (2.7) | 10 (2.4) |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 7 (1.1) | 3 (3.7) | 3 (1.1) | 4 (1.1) | 5 (1.0) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (1.3) | 4 (1.8) | 3 (0.7) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 43 (6.8) | 4 (4.9) | 25 (9.5) | 18 (4.8) | 29 (6.1) | 14 (9.0) | 20 (7.6) | 23 (6.2) | 21 (9.6) | 22 (5.3)† |
| Pseudomonas | 57 (9.0) | 9 (11.1) | 28 (10.6) | 29 (7.8) | 42 (8.8) | 15 (9.6) | 28 (10.6) | 29 (7.8) | 24 (11.0) | 33 (7.9) |
| Proteus mirabilis | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 6 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (1.3) | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (1.3) | 2 (0.9) | 4 (1.0) |
| Legionella | 7 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (1.3) | 7 (1.5) | 0 (0.6) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (1.3) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (1.4) |
| Pathogens not covered by CAP therapy | 98 (15.4) | 24 (29.6)* | 37 (14.1) | 61 (16.4) | 50 (10.4) | 48 (30.8)* | 47 (17.8) | 51 (13.7) | 35 (16.0) | 63 (15.1) |
| Acinetobacter | 45 (7.1) | 15 (18.5)* | 18 (6.8) | 27 (7.3) | 22 (4.6) | 23 (14.7)* | 27 (10.2) | 18 (4.9) | 14 (6.4) | 31 (7.5) |
| Burkholderia | 17 (2.7) | 2 (2.5) | 7 (2.7) | 10 (2.7) | 3 (0.6) | 14 (9.0)* | 6 (2.3) | 11 (3.0) | 9 (4.1) | 8 (1.9) |
| Enterococcus | 12 (1.9) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (0.8) | 10 (2.7) | 7 (1.5) | 5 (3.2) | 2 (0.8) | 10 (2.7) | 3 (1.4) | 9 (2.2) |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 13 (2.0) | 2 (2.5) | 5 (1.9) | 8 (2.2) | 10 (2.1) | 3 (1.9) | 7 (2.7) | 6 (1.6) | 4 (1.8) | 9 (2.2) |
| Nocardia | 8 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.5) | 4 (1.1) | 6 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (1.5) | 4 (1.1) | 4 (1.8) | 4 (1.0) |
| Corynebacterium striatum | 1 (0.2) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Comamonas acidovorans | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
| Cupriavidus pauculus | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Multidrug resistance bacteria/bacteria | 108 (17.0) | 40 (49.4)* | 40 (15.2) () | 68 (18.3) | 57 (11.9) | 51 (32.7)* | 61 (23.1) | 47 (12.7)* | 51 (23.3) | 57 (13.7)* |
| Fungus | 212 (33.3) | 34 (42.0) | 80 (30.4) | 132 (35.5) | 141 (29.4) | 71 (45.5)* | 109 (41.3) | 103 (27.8)* | 105 (47.9) | 107 (25.7)* |
| Pneumocystis | 128 (20.2) | 21 (25.9) | 48 (18.3) | 80 (21.5) | 88 (18.4) | 40 (25.6)† | 70 (26.5) | 58 (15.6)* | 71 (32.4) | 57 (13.7)* |
| Aspergillus | 81 (12.8) | 13 (16.0) | 32 (12.2) | 49 (13.2) | 52 (10.9) | 29 (18.6)† | 38 (14.4) | 43 (11.6) | 33 (15.1) | 48 (11.5) |
| Rhizopus/Trichoderma | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) |
| Cryptococcus | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Virus | 355 (55.9) | 51 (63.0) | 154 (58.6) | 201 (54.0) | 257 (53.7) | 98 (62.8)† | 167 (63.3) | 188 (50.7)* | 132 (60.3) | 223 (53.6) |
| Cytomegalovirus | 186 (29.3) | 33 (40.7)† | 79 (30.0) | 107 (28.8) | 133 (27.8) | 53 (34.0) | 93 (35.2) | 93 (25.1)* | 84 (38.4) | 102 (24.5)* |
| Influenza A virus | 55 (8.7) | 7 (8.6) | 29 (11.0) | 26 (7.0) | 36 (7.5) | 19 (12.2) | 30 (11.4) | 25 (6.7)† | 15 (6.8) | 40 (9.6) |
| Influenza B virus | 19 (3.0) | 1 (1.2) | 7 (2.7) | 12 (3.2) | 15 (3.1) | 4 (2.6) | 9 (3.4) | 10 (2.7) | 9 (4.1) | 10 (2.4) |
| Rhinovirus | 8 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 6 (1.6) | 5 (1.0) | 3 (1.9) | 5 (1.9) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 6 (1.4) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 56 (8.8) | 8 (9.9) | 27 (10.3) | 29 (7.8) | 45 (9.4) | 11 (7.1) | 18 (6.8) | 38 (10.2)† | 14 (6.4) | 42 (10.1) |
| Adenovirus | 9 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.5) | 5 (1.3) | 8 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.8) | 7 (1.9) | 2 (0.9) | 7 (1.7) |
| Parainfluenza virus | 18 (2.8) | 2 (2.5) | 5 (1.9) | 13 (3.5) | 12 (2.5) | 6 (3.8) | 6 (2.3) | 12 (3.2) | 4 (1.8) | 14 (3.4) |
| Herpes simplex virus type 1 | 4 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.5) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 12 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.1) | 9 (2.4) | 10 (2.1) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (1.9) | 7 (1.9) | 8 (3.7) | 4 (1.0)† |
| Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) |
| Pathogenic types in different groups (total) | 847 (133.4) | 133 (164.2) | 356 (135.4) | 491 (132.0) | 585 (122.1) | 262 (167.9) | 408 (154.5) | 439 (118.3) | 351 (160.3) | 496 (119.2) |
*P<0.01.
†P<0.05.
CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia.