Table 2.

Predictors of utilisation of services provided by midwives during pregnancy: univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses

	Univariable			Multivariable
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Age (years)	1.00	0.98 to 1.02	0.741
Primiparous (vs multiparous)	1.81	1.52 to 2.15	<0.001	1.77	1.48 to 2.12	<0.001
Marital status*
Married, living together with husband	Ref			Ref
Unmarried, living together with partner	0.93	0.75 to 1.16	0.543	0.85	0.68 to 1.07	0.180
Unmarried and without partner, divorced or widowed	0.55	0.32 to 0.92	0.024	0.63	0.37 to 1.08	0.091
Educational level†
Low (<10 years of schooling)	0.62	0.47 to 0.82	0.001	0.67	0.50 to 0.89	0.006
Medium (10 years of schooling)	Ref			Ref
High (university entrance level)	1.38	1.14 to 1.67	0.001	1.37	1.12 to 1.67	0.002
Employed before giving birth	1.41	1.10 to 1.80	0.007	1.09	0.83 to 1.41	0.539
Born in Germany	1.56	1.24 to 1.95	<0.001	1.53	1.20 to 1.95	0.001
Statutory health insurance (vs private or other health insurance)	0.71	0.55 to 0.91	0.008	1.12	0.86 to 1.47	0.399
Health literacy	0.99	0.98 to 1.01	0.394

Multivariable analysis: n=2428; Nagelkerke’s R²: 0.06.

Health literacy refers to healthcare scale of the HLS-EU questionnaire.

*Univariable analysis: omnibus test: χ²=5.15 (df=2), p=0.076.

†Univariable analysis: omnibus test: χ²=37.92 (df=2), p<0.001.

HLS-EU, European Health Literacy Survey; Ref, reference category.