Table 2.
Mean (SD) and percentages of normal values of maximum performance tests in OPMD patients compared to age-matched Dutch controls
| Mean | OPMD: % of normal | P | ||
| OPMD (SD) | Controls (SD) | value (95% CI) | ||
| Swallowing | ||||
| Maximum swallowing speed (mL/s) | 9.4 (7.2) | 25.8 (9.7) | 39 (27;51) | p < 0.01 |
| Maximum swallowing volume (mL) | 27.3 (19.2) | 54.6 (19.9) | 50 (38;62) | p < 0.01 |
| Maximum isometric tongue pressure anterior (kPa) | 31.0 (14.0) | 52.4 (13.6) | 59 (50;68) | p < 0.01 |
| Chewing | ||||
| Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids chewing time (s) | 69.8 (40.6) | 31.9 (12.9) | 219 (188;249)* | p < 0.01 |
| Maximum bite force (kg) | 14.6 (7.4) | 17.0 (8.3) | 86 (70;102) | 0.09 |
| Speaking | ||||
| Maximum phonation time (s) | 15.5 (8.1) | 22.0 (9.9) | 70 (56;85) | p < 0.01 |
| Maximum repetition rate /PA/ (syl/s) | 5.6 (0.7) | 6.7 (0.6) | 84 (81;88) | p < 0.01 |
| Maximum repetition rate /TA/ (syl/s) | 5.4 (0.8) | 6.5 (0.8) | 83 (78;86) | p < 0.01 |
| Maximum repetition rate /KA/ (syl/s) | 5.0 (0.9) | 6.0 (0.8) | 83 (78;87) | p < 0.01 |
| Maximum repetition rate /PATAKA/ (syl/s) | 4.0 (0.7) | 6.8 (1.0) | 59 (54;63) | p < 0.01 |
*all variables are lower in OPMD patients indicating worse performance; but chewing time becomes abnormal when duration is longer than normal (here more than twice as long: 219%).