A: The increased collagen deposition observed in Mdr2−/− (Abcb4−/−) mice is significantly reduced in NK1R−/−/Mdr2−/− (Tacr1−/−/Abcb4−/−) mice; no difference is seen among the corresponding wild-type (WT) mice and NK1R−/− mice. B and C: By immunofluorescence for collagen 1 in liver sections [costained with cytokeratin-19 (CK-19)] and measurement of hydroxyproline levels in total liver samples, increased fibrosis is observed in Mdr2−/− mice, which is significantly reduced in NK1R−/−/Mdr2−/− mice. D: There is increased mRNA expression of Acta2 (α-SMA) and Col1a1 (Col1α1) in total liver samples from Mdr2−/− mice compared with WT mice, which is reduced significantly in NK1R−/−/Mdr2−/− mice. Data are of three evaluations from four different total liver samples (C); data are of three PCRs (performed in triplicate) from three different total liver samples (D). Data are expressed as means ± SEM (A, C, and D). ∗P < 0.05 versus FVB/NJ mice; †P< 0.05 versus Mdr2−/− mice. Scale bars = 100 μm (A and B). Original magnification: ×20 (A); ×60 (B). α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin.