Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and increased migration ability in non-small lung cancer cell lines. (A) The H1650, A549, H1975, and H1299 cell lines treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 72 h displayed EMT phenotypic changes, including a loss of cell–cell contact and an elongated, fibroblastoid morphology. Magnification: 200×. The expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was determined by Western blotting (B) and RT-PCR (C) in the four types of NSCLC cell lines induced with TGF-β1. (D, E) Transwell assays were performed in the TGF-β1-treated cell lines (*p < 0.01) compared with the control.