Table 1.
Acoustic characteristics of the synthetic stimuli in experiment 1
| Call type | Stimuli, n |
Acoustic characteristics: mean [range] |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| total (with noise) | female/male | rolloff manipulation, dB/octave | duration, s | median voiced syllable, s | median f0, Hz | median HNR, dB | median spectral centroid, kHz | |
| Cry | 4 (2) | 3/1 | ±4 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 468 | 15.5 | 1.5 |
| [4, 4] | [1.6, 2.6] | [0.1, 0.5] | [255, 790] | [13.1, 19] | [0.8, 2.1] | |||
| Gasp | 4 (4) | 3/1 | ±7.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 362 | 11.2 | 1.9 |
| [6, 8] | [1.2, 1.5] | [0.6, 1.2] | [255, 498] | [5.2, 16.6] | [1.0, 2.8] | |||
| Grunt | 4 (4) | 2/2 | ±5.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 289 | 4.1 | 1.3 |
| [4, 10] | [0.2, 0.5] | [0.1, 0.4] | [190, 378] | [0.7, 9.5] | [0.8, 1.6] | |||
| Laugh | 4 (4) | 1/3 | ±5 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 459 | 7.9 | 2.1 |
| [4, 8] | [1.4, 2.6] | [0.1, 0.2] | [330, 617] | [3.2, 12.7] | [1.4, 2.6] | |||
| Moan | 4 (4) | 2/2 | ±5.5 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 293 | 8.6 | 1.5 |
| [4, 10] | [0.7, 1.8] | [0.4, 0.6] | [161, 490] | [1.7, 14.8] | [1.0, 2.2] | |||
| Roar | 4 (2) | 2/2 | ±4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 454 | 1.2 | 1.8 |
| [4, 4] | [0.5, 1.1] | [0.5, 1.0] | [288, 701] | [−3.0, 5.2] | [0.9, 2.9] | |||
| Scream | 4 (0) | 4/0 | ±7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1,800 | 9.1 | 2.6 |
| [4, 10] | [0.6, 1.2] | [0.4, 1.2] | [1420, 2,102] | [3.4, 16.7] | [1.9, 4] | |||
HNR, harmonics-to-noise ratio, measured based on autocorrelation. HNR and spectral centroid were measured in the synthesized audio files using soundgen, and the rest of acoustic characteristics were derived directly from the settings used for synthesizing the stimuli.