Table 3. HRs for Renal Relapse and Progression to CKD/ESRD According to Onset Time of LN.

	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis model 1*		Multivariable analysis model 2†		Multivariable analysis model 3‡
	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Renal relapse
Early-onset LN	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Initial-onset LN	2.73 (1.32–5.69)	0.007	3.47 (1.56–7.71)	0.002	3.12 (1.40–6.96)	0.006	3.56 (1.51–8.35)	0.004
Progression to CKD/ESRD
Early-onset LN	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Initial-onset LN	4.20 (1.25–14.13)	0.020	7.54 (1.94–29.38)	0.004	4.39 (1.07–17.96)	0.040	4.57 (1.03–20.17)	0.045

LN, lupus nephritis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; ISN/RPS, International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS); GFR, glomerular filtration rate; UPCR, urine protein/creatinine ratio; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^*Adjusted for ISN/RPS class, activity index, chronicity index, ^†Adjusted for ISN/RPS class, activity index, chronicity index, GFR, UPCR, hematuria, ^‡Adjusted for ISN/RPS class, activity index, chronicity index, GFR, UPCR, hematuria, use of HCQ, and use of immunosuppressive agents.