Table 5. Risk factors associated with leukemia-specific mortality among treated acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in California, 2009–2014.
| Variables | HR | 95% CI | p -Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| UE DVT a | |||
| Yes | 1.80 | (1.31, 2.47) | 0.0003 |
| No | Reference | ||
| PE ± LE DVT a | |||
| Yes | 1.41 | (1.01, 1.98) | 0.0427 |
| No | Reference | ||
| HSCT a | |||
| Yes | 1.21 | (0.44, 3.33) | 0.7059 |
| No | Reference | ||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 0.83 | (0.69, 1.01) | 0.0624 |
| Male | Reference | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic (NH) White | Reference | ||
| African American (vs. NH White) | 1.11 | (0.70, 1.75) | 0.6647 |
| Hispanic | 1.02 | (0.81, 1.29) | 0.8589 |
| Asian/PI | 1.17 | (0.84, 1.64) | 0.361 |
| Age at diagnosis | |||
| <18 | Reference | ||
| 18–29 | 3.21 | (2.25, 4.60) | <0.0001 |
| 30–39 | 5.37 | (3.57, 8.09) | <0.0001 |
| 40–49 | 6.51 | (4.36, 9.73) | <0.0001 |
| 50–59 | 6.03 | (3.99, 9.12) | <0.0001 |
| ≥60 | 6.71 | (4.31, 10.42) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities (within 2 y prior) | |||
| Not available | 1.47 | (0.95, 2.27) | 0.0855 |
| 0 | Reference | ||
| 1–2 comorbidities | 2.13 | (1.43, 3.18) | 0.0002 |
| ≥3 | 2.99 | (1.99, 4.49) | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; LE DVT, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; PI, Pacific Islanders; UE DVT, upper extremity deep vein thrombosis.
Note: Multivariable cox proportional hazards model is stratified by initial course of treatment-radiation.
a
UE DVT, PE ± LE DVT and transplant are included as time-dependent covariates.