TABLE 3.
Summary table of the best‐fitting glmm models of visitation rates on the two plant species, for main pollinators
| Plant | Response var. | AIC | Effects | df | χ 2 | p‐Value | Estimates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. alba | All pollinators’ visitation rate | 30,717 | Floral display | 1 | 2008.4 | <2e−16 | 1.19 ± 0.03 |
| Relative temperature | 1 | 190.7 | <2e−16 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | |||
| Habitat | 1 | 12.3 | 0.00046 | NS (urb.) | |||
| Flowering_period | 2 | 428.7 | <2e−16 | −0.26 ± 0.07 (adv.)|0.60 ± 0.08 (del.) | |||
| Habitat × Flowering_period | 2 | 27.6 | 1.0e−06 | 0.18 ± 0.09 (urb. adv.)|0.56 ± 0.11 (urb. del.) | |||
| Small wild bees’ visitation rate | 17,663 | Floral display | 1 | 881.7 | <2e−16 | 1.14 ± 0.04 | |
| Relative temperature | 1 | 319.6 | <2e−16 | 0.64 ± 0.04 | |||
| Habitat | 1 | 3.2 | 0.073 | NS (urb.) | |||
| Flowering_period | 2 | 29.6 | 3.7e−07 | −0.73 ± 0.11 (adv.)|NS (del.) | |||
| Habitat × Flowering_period | 2 | 57.9 | 2.7e−13 | 0.71 ± 0.14 (urb. adv.)| −0.45 ± 0.16 (urb. del.) | |||
| Syrphid flies’ visitation rate | 8,918 | Floral display | 1 | 321.0 | <2e−16 | 0.97 ± 0.05 | |
| Habitat | 1 | 1.2 | 0.27 | 0.85 ± 0.17 (urb.) | |||
| Flowering_period | 2 | 374.5 | <2e−16 | 0.79 ± 0.17 (adv.)|2.19 ± 0.17 (del.) | |||
| Habitat × Flowering_period | 2 | 70.1 | 6.1e−16 | −1.84 ± 0.22 (urb. adv.)| −0.99 ± 0.22 (urb. del.) | |||
| L. corniculatus | All pollinators’ visitation rate | 15,293 | Floral display | 1 | 674.6 | <2e−16 | 1.09 ± 0.04 |
| Relative temperature | 1 | 164.7 | <2e−16 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | |||
| Year | 1 | 116.8 | <2e−16 | 1.02 ± 0.10 (2018) | |||
| Habitat | 1 | 2.8 | 0.092 | 1.01 ± 0.34 (urb.) | |||
| Flowering_period | 2 | 394.9 | <2e−16 | −1.38 ± 0.14 (adv.) | −0.56 ± 0.14 (del.) | |||
| Habitat × Flowering_period | 2 | 40.4 | 1.7e−09 | −1.21 ± 0.19 (urb. adv.) | NS (urb. del.) | |||
| Bumblebees’ visitation rate | 8,882 | Floral display | 1 | 350.0 | <2e−16 | 1.24 ± 0.07 | |
| Relative temperature | 1 | 46.8 | 7.9e−12 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | |||
| Year | 1 | 50.0 | 1.6e−12 | 1.00 ± 0.14 (2018) | |||
| Habitat | 1 | 17.8 | 2.4e−05 | 1.32 ± 0.30 (urb.) | |||
| Flowering_period | 2 | 221.2 | <2e−16 | −4.44 ± 0.47 (adv.) | NS (del.) | |||
| Habitat x Flowering_period | 2 | 8.0 | 0.019 | 0.92 ± 0.52 (urb. adv.) | −0.52 ± 0.27 (urb. del.) | |||
| Large solitary bees’ visitation rate | 6,186 | Floral display | 1 | 194.5 | <2e−16 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | |
| Relative temperature | 1 | 78.0 | <2e−16 | 0.65 ± 0.07 | |||
| Year | 1 | 127.8 | <2e−16 | 1.87 ± 0.17 (2018) | |||
| Habitat | 1 | 0.2 | 0.68 | NS (urb.) | |||
| Flowering_period | 2 | 88.5 | <2e−16 | −1.25 ± 0.15 (adv.) | −1.11 ± 0.16 (del.) |
For each term, chi‐square and p‐value of the type III Wald chi‐square tests are presented, as well as the estimates of each coefficient (±SE) (“urb.” = urban; “adv.” = advanced; “del.” = delayed; rural habitat, normal flowering period, and year 2017 were taken as references).