Table 1.
Characteristics of research papers included in the systematic review.
| References | Country | Enrolled patients | Enrolled controls | Study design | Selected miRNAs | Sample source | Diagnostic criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample source: serum, plasma | |||||||
| Wang et al. (15) | China | 10 HF patients | 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls | HyF | miR-26b-5p miR-8485 miR-940 |
Serum | 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update guideline for the management of HF |
| Wu et al. (23) | China | 28 HFrEF patients | 30 healthy age- and sex-matched controls | TA | exo-miR-92b-5p | Serum | AHA and ESC guidelines |
| Guo et al. (16) | China | 94 CHF patients: NYHA II (32), NYHA III (32), NYHA IV (30) | 31 healthy age- and sex-matched controls | TA | miR-133a | Plasma | 2009 Focused update: ACCF/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HF in adults |
| Li et al. (17) | China | 96 AHF patients, NT-proBNP levels ≥1,000 ng/L | 20 healthy controls and 96 patients with cardiovascular disease but without HF and NT-proBNP level below the age-related cutoff point | TA | miR-302b-3p | Serum | National heart failure diagnosis and treatment guidelines established by our national society of cardiology |
| Wu et al. (14) | China | 43 DCM-AHF patients | 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls | TA | exo-miR-92b-5p | Serum | AHA guidelines |
| Chen et al. (18) | China | 46 HF patients, LVEF ≥50%: 13 patients for initial genome-wide microarray, 33 patients for the RT-qPCR validation step | 23 healthy controls: 3 controls for initial genome-wide microarray, 20 controls for the RT-qPCR validation step | HyF | miR-3135b miR-3908 miR-5571-5p |
Serum | Echocardiography |
| He et al. (19) | China | 124 HF patients (8 IHF and 8 NIHF patients for initial RNA sequencing, 60 IHF and 48 NIHF for RT-qPCR validation) | 43 healthy controls (8 controls for initial RNA sequencing, 35 controls for RT-qPCR validation) | HyF | miR-195-3p | Plasma | ACC/AHA guidelines |
| Scrutinio et al. (20) | Italy | 64 patients: 10 patients for genome-wide serum miRNA expression analysis (5 moderate HF, 5 advanced HF) AND 54 patients for RT-qPCR validation (25 moderate HF patients, 29 advanced HF patients) | 20 healthy controls: 5 controls for genome-wide serum miRNA expression analysis AND 15 controls for RT-qPCR validation | HyF | miR-26a-5p miR-150-5p |
Serum | ESC guidelines |
| Li et al. (22) | China | 14 heart transplant tissue for miRNA microarray analysis, 45 patients for RT-qPCR validation | 10 heart transplant tissue for miRNA microarray analysis, 45 patients for RT-qPCR validation | HyF | miR-660-3p miR-665 miR-1285-3p miR-4491 |
Heart tissue, serum | ACC/AHA guidelines |
| Wei et al. (13) | China | 32 HF patients: 18 NYHA III, 14 NYHA IV | 32 individuals with healthy sinus rhythm | TA | miR-126 | Plasma | NYHA classification, ECG |
| Cakmak et al. (24) | Turkey | 42 systolic grade C HF patients: 20 NYHA II, 22 NYHA III or IV | 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls | HyF | miR-21 miR-650 miR-744 miR-516-5p miR-1292 miR-182 miR-1228 miR-595 miR-663b miR-1296 miR-1825 miR-299-3p miR-662 miR-122 miR-3148 miR-129-3p miR-3155 miR-3175 miR-583 miR-568 miR-30d miR-200a miR-1979 miR-371-3p miR-155 miR-502-5p |
Serum | 2009 Focused update: ACCF/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults. |
| Akat et al. (25) | USA | 24 advanced HF patients, 14 stable HF patients | 13 healthy controls | TA | miR-208b miR-499 miR-1-1 miR133-b |
Plasma | Echocardiography, NYHA classification |
| Fan et al. (27) | China | 45 HF patients with DCM | 39 healthy age and sex-matched controls | TA | miR-423-5p | Plasma | NYHA classification and echocardiography and LVEF <45% |
| Fukushima et al. (30) | Japan | 33 ischemic HF patients | 17 healthy controls | TA | miR-126 | Serum | NYHA classification |
| Tijsen et al. (32) | Netherlands | 42 HF patients: 12 AHF patients for miRNA microarray analysis, 30 HF patients for RT-qPCR validation | 39 healthy controls | HyF | miR-18b miR-423-5p miR-675 |
Plasma | The Framingham criteria and NT-proBNP >1,000 ng/L |
| Sample source: whole blood, PBMC | |||||||
| Yu et al. (21) | China | 50 DCM patients | 41 healthy age- and sex-matched controls | TA | miR-185 | Whole blood | 1995 WHO/ISFC criteria |
| Vogel et al. (26) | Germany | 53 HFrEF patients, validation cohort: 14 HFrEF patients (whole blood), 10 HFrEF patients (serum) | 39 healthy controls, validation cohort: 8 healthy controls (whole blood), 10 healthy controls (serum) | HyF | miR-122 miR-1228 miR-1231 miR-200b miR-519e miR-520d-5p miR-558 miR-622 |
Whole blood, serum | ESC guidelines, echocardiography LVEF <50% and NYHA classification |
| Endo et al. (28) | Japan | 8 patients NYHA II and 5 patients NYHA III/IV | 6 healthy controls | TA | miR-210 | PBMC | NYHA classification |
| Nair et al. (29) | USA | 8 patients DC, 10 patients stable DCM, 13 patients AHF | 8 healthy controls | HyF | miR-454 miR-500a miR-500b miR-142-3p miR-1246 miR-124-5p |
PBMC | Echocardiography |
| Voellenkle et al. (31) | Italy | 7 patients NIDCM, 8 patients ICM, validation cohort: 17 patients NIDCM, 15 patients ICM | 9 controls, validation cohort: 19 controls | TA | miR-107 miR-139 miR-142-5p miR-142-3p miR-29b miR-125b-5p miR-497 |
PBMC | NYHA classification and LVEF ≤ 36% |
HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; TA, targeted analysis; HyF, hypothesis-free; ACC/AHA/HFSA, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Failure Society of America; DC, diastolic dysfunction; DCM-AHF, dilated cardiomyopathy–acute heart failure; CHF, chronic heart failure; AHF, acute heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association classification of heart failure; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; NIDCM, nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy.