FIGURE 1.

The mechanisms of QS inhibiting agents in controlling bacterial biofilm formation. Mechanisms of QS inhibiting agents in controlling bacterial biofilm formation are marked with numbers on the diagram: (1). Inhibit AIs synthesis; (2). Degrade or inactivate AIs by AHL-lactonases, oxidoreductases, antibodies, etc.; (3). Interfere with the signal receptors using AI antagonists; (4). Interfere with the response regulators thus disturbing signaling cascade; (5). Reduce the extracellular AIs accumulation by inhibiting AIs efflux hence inhibited cell-to-cell signaling.