Table 1.
Included cohort studies about prevalence of malnutrition and its effects on outcomes in trauma patients in this review (n = 10)
| References | Year | Country | Design | n | Male (%) | Age in years | Nutritional assessment tool | Prevalence MN on admission (unless indicated otherwise) (%) | ARM (%) | Mortality | Length of stay in days | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wilson et al. [36] | 2019 | United States | Prospective cohort study | 377 | 50.9 |
73.70m ± SD 12.73 |
Visceral proteins |
Hypoalbuminaemia: 17.5 Low TLC: 62.3 |
– |
Hypoalbuminaemia: OR2.22 95% CI 1.26–3.92 TLC: n/a |
Hypoalbuminaemia: r = − 0.14, p = 0.024 TLC:n/a |
≥ 1 adverse event associated with MN, p < 0.001 |
| Wilson et al. [34] | 2019 | United States | Retrospective cohort study | 5673 | 43.8 |
46.69m ± SD 13.62 |
Visceral proteins | Hypoalbuminaemia: 29.6 |
WN: 0.4%, MN: 3.2%, RR 4.86, 95% CI 2.66–8.87 |
WN: 3.57 (± SD 5.0) MN: 7.5 (± SD 10.45) p < 0.001 |
≥ 1 adverse event RR 1.46 95% CI 1.30–1.64; Sepsis RR 1.99 95% CI 1.03–3.86; Unplanned intubation RR 2.95 95% CI 1.49–5.84; Reoperation RR 1.52 95% CI 1.11–2.07; Readmission RR 2.0 95% CI 1.55–2.57 |
|
| Wintermeyer et al. [35] | 2019 | Germany | Prospective cohort study | 1642 | – |
57.8m ± SD 16.6 |
NRS | – |
Overall: 18.3 Geriatric trauma: 35.6 |
– | – | ≥ 1 adverse event associated with ARM, p < 0.01; quality of life negatively associated with ARM, p < 0.01 |
| Ihle et al. [33] | 2017 | Germany | Prospective cohort study | 521 | 56.2 |
53.9m ± SD 18.1 |
NRS | – | 19.2 | – |
NRS ≥ 3 (ARM): 16 ± SD 12 NRS < 3 (WN): 11 ± SD 10 |
≥ 1 adverse event associated with ARM, p < 0.001 |
| Müller et al. [26] | 2017 | Switzerland | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | 169 | 42.6 |
79.7m ± SD 6.5 |
MNA | 7.1 | 49.1 | – | – | – |
| Goisser et al. [27] | 2015 | Germany | Non-comparative retrospective cohort study | 97 | 20.6 |
84.0m ± SD 5.0 |
MNA (long form) |
17.0 | 38.0 |
WN:13%, ARM: 21%, MN: 0%, p = 0.120 |
WN:11med IQR 10–16, ARM:12med IQR 9–17, MN:10med IQR 7–15, p = 0.388 |
WN: 86%, ARM: 97%, MN: 100%, p = 0.095 |
| Chakravarty et al. [28] | 2013 | India | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | 61 | 78.7 | – | SGA | 15.0 | – | – | – | – |
| Banks et al. [29] | 2010 | Ireland | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | 30 | 37.0 |
78.5med IQR 68–85 |
MNA | – | 60.0 | – | – | – |
| Dhandapani et al. [25] | 2007 | India | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | 61 | 92.0 |
35.4m ± SD not reported |
Anthropometric measurements |
Clinical features of pedal edema, cheilosis, skeletal prominence, xerosis, gum bleed: Week 1: 45.0 Week 3: 76.0 |
– | – | – | |
| Goiburu et al. [10] | 2006 | Paraguay | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | 161 | 94.0 |
27.0med IQR 14–92 |
SGA | 40.0 | – | RR 4; 95% CI 1–15 | > 14 days RR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2–4.7 |
RR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4–5.8 |
| Compan et al. [30] | 1999 | France | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | 299 | 33.0 |
82.9m ± SD 7.0 |
MNA | 24.7 | – | – | Longer stay associated with MN, p not reported | Death during hospitalization associated with MN, p < 0.0001 |
| McClave et al. [31] | 1992 | United States | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | – | – | – | Visceral proteins Anthropometric measurements | Low visceral proteins (albumin, transferrin, TLC): 17.6%, Underweight: 20.6%, Mix: 15.6% |
OR 4.04; p < 0.05 |
OR 1.29; p < 0.05 |
Sepsis: OR 2.64; p < .05; Nosocomial infections: OR 2.26; p < 0.05 | |
| Kaufman et al. [32] | 1987 | United States | Non-comparative prospective cohort study | 76 | – | – | Visceral proteins Anthropometric measurements | Albumin, transferrin, TLC, and others: not defined | - | – | – | – |
MN Malnourished, ARM At risk for malnutrition, WN Well−nourished, NRS Nutritional Risk Screening, MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment, SGA Subjective Global Assessment scale, TLC Total lymphocyte count, SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, RR relative risk, C: confidence interval, OR adjusted odds ratio
*n refers to the number of trauma patients in the study
m mean
med median