Table 2.
Examples of coronavirus (CoVs) strains and accompanying symptoms in different animal species.
| Virus synonym (CoVs) | Genusa | Host | Symptoms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) | Betacoronavirus | Humans rodents, civets, cats, pangolins, minks, dogs and cats | Fever, dry cough, tiredness, shortness of breath, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, and vomiting. | (23–26) |
| Swine enteric CoVs: • Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). • Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). • (c) Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). |
Alphacoronavirus | Swine |
• Diarrhea, vomiting, rapid weight loss, high mortality in young pigs. • Same TGEV symptoms but with lower spreading and mortality rates. • Acute enteritis and mortality. |
(22, 27, 28) |
| Swine enteric CoVs: • Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) |
Betacoronavirus | Swine |
• Subclinical neurotropic symptoms and high mortality and morbidity rates in young piglets (<4 weeks of age). |
|
| Swine enteric CoVs: • Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). |
Deltacoronavirus | Swine |
• Clinical severity of PDCoV is mild than other porcine CoVs. |
|
| Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) | Betacoronavirus | Bovine species (cattle), horses and camels | Bloody diarrhea, respiratory form of shipping fever, and high mortality rate. | (1, 27, 29) |
| Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) | Gammacoronavirus | Avian/Poultry | Respiratory illness, urinary tract infection, reproductive disturbances, and high mortality and morbidity rates. | (1, 27) |
| Ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV) | Alphacoronavirus | Ferret | Anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, and hypergammaglobulinemia. | (28) |
| Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) | Alphacoronavirus | Feline | Diarrhea and mild or upper respiratory signs. | (25) |
| Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) | Betacoronavirus | Mice, ferrets and cats | Respiratory illness, neurotropic symptoms, and damages in vascular endothelium, hemopoietic tissue and liver. | (24) |
a
Genome size range of Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus is 27–29, 26–32, 27–32, and 26–26.5 kb, respectively.