Table 3.

Summary of simple management plans to avoid negative impacts of COVID-19 on livestock farming system.

Item (References)	Measure(s)
Farm biosecurity (4, 15)	• Maintain general hygiene of the premises • Clean and sanitize all machines and solid surfaces • Limit contact between wild animals (mice, dogs, birds, etc.) and farmed animals • Limit the presence of foreign visitors • Minimize joining new animals to the herd
Human health and safety (17, 59)	• Follow healthcare recommendations and social distancing instructions • Monitor and ensure the health status of workers • Isolate infected workers • Follow biosecurity instructions for safe human-animal contact
Animal health and welfare (1, 50)	• Maintain good animal husbandry (proper housing system) and management (e.g., milking hygiene). • Ensure the continuation of sanitary and prophylactic programs for the farm animals against common diseases • Use precision farming livestock tools for real time monitoring of animals • Follow animal well-being standards during all the production cycle, transportation, and marketing
Livestock supply chain (55, 68)	• Ensure the availability of different production inputs • Focus in using available and local feed resources • Try to use technology and online marketing platforms • Monitor the market demands and adjust production quantity and quality • Minimize sources of production wastes, e.g., in dairy farms using simple measures to control surplus milk production: - decrease milking frequency 2 instead of 3 - extend dry off period, 65 instead of 45 days - extend the time of calves weaning