Table 1.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in the first 24 h after birth and during hospitalization (mean ± SD) [median (IQR)].
| Variables | ROP (n = 23) | No ROP (n = 84) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| FIRST 24 H AFTER BIRTH | |||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 27.6 (26.4–28.3) | 30.3 (28.9–31.3) | <0.001 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 988 ± 243 | 1,383 ± 320 | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 13 (57%) | 42 (50%) | 0.642 |
| Vaginal delivery | 14 (60%) | 35 (42%) | 0.156 |
| Multiple birth | 10 (43%) | 24 (29%) | 0.209 |
| Apgar score at 1 min | 6 (5–7) | 8 (6–9) | <0.001 |
| Apgar score at 5 min | 8 (7–9) | 9 (8–10) | 0.001 |
| Mean BP in 0–12 h (mmHg) | 35 ± 5 | 41 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| Mean BP in 12–24 h (mmHg) | 38 ± 7 | 45 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| Vasoactive medications (0–24 h) | 6 (26%) | 4 (5%) | 0.006 |
| Lowest temperature in 0–12 h (°C) | 36.1 (35.2–36.5) | 36.4 (35.8–36.7) | 0.108 |
| Lowest temperature in 12–24 h (°C) | 36.7 (36.5–36.9) | 36.8 (36.5–37) | 0.775 |
| Urine output in 0–12 h (ml/Kg/h) | 2.0 (1.3–3.5) | 2.9 (2.0–3.6) | 0.141 |
| Urine output in 12–24 h (ml/Kg/h) | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 0.458 |
| Intubation in the delivery room | 11 (48%) | 16 (19%) | 0.013 |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 21 (91%) | 59 (70%) | 0.056 |
| Surfactant therapy | 15 (65%) | 19 (23%) | <0.001 |
| DURING HOSPITALIZATION | |||
| Hospital stay (days) | 76 (58–109) | 43 (32–60) | <0.001 |
| Weight gain (grams/day) | 20.6 ± 4.9 | 22.1 ± 5.5 | 0.242 |
| Duration of parenteral nutrition (days) | 32 (27–53) | 14 (9–22) | <0.001 |
| Duration of invasive ventilation (days) | 4 (0–13) | 0 (0–0) | <0.001 |
| Duration of non-invasive ventilation (days) | 42 (35–48) | 10 (4–34) | <0.001 |
| Total days of pH <7.2 | 1 (0–5) | 0 (0–0) | <0.001 |
| Total days of pH > 7.5 | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0.236 |
| Total days of PCO2 <30 mmHg | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.311 |
| Total days of PCO2 > 80 mmHg | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0.001 |
| Total days of PO2 <50 mmHg | 5 (1–12) | 0 (0–2) | <0.001 |
| Total days of PO2 > 150 mmHg | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.031 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 20 (87%) | 25 (30%) | <0.001 |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 5 (22%) | 9 (11%) | 0.175 |
| Necrotising enterocolitis | 4 (17%) | 1 (1%) | 0.007 |
| Neonatal sepsis | 7 (30%) | 3 (4%) | 0.001 |
| Highest C-Reactive Protein during hospital stay (mg/L) | 11 (4–30) | 2 (1–4) | <0.001 |
| Number of packed red blood cell transfusions | 2 (1–4) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 |
| Lowest white blood cell count during hospital stay (ˆ 109/L) | 5.73 (3.96–9.05) | 6.24 (5.05–8.04) | 0.319 |
| Lowest platelet count during hospital stay (ˆ 109/L) | 140 (40–187) | 204 (165–243) | <0.001 |
Intraventricular hemorrhage (Papille's stage 3 or 4) and necrotising enterocolitis (Bell's stage) were included for analysis.