Table 1.
Data of older adults admitted to an Italian orthopedic hospital for femoral neck fracture in April 2020.
| Standard anticoagulant therapy, | Escalated anticoagulant therapy, | |
|---|---|---|
| single daily dose of LMWH | double daily dose of LMWH | |
| General demographics | ||
| Femoral fractured patients | Raw of 7 | Raw of 9 |
| Age (years) | 89.3 ± 3.9 (82.0, 95.0) | 84.2 ± 6.9 (72.0, 93.0) |
| Gender (ratio male:female) | Ratio 0:7 | Ratio 2:7 |
| Surgery period | First half of April 2020 | Second half of April 2020 |
| Parameters at admission | ||
| SARS-CoV-2 quantitative RT-PCR | 100% positive | 100% positive |
| Peripheral oxygen saturation | 100% over 90% | 100% over 90% |
| Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) | 100% high risk | 100% high risk |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.7 |
| COVID-19 level of severity | 100% level 2 | 100% level 2 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35.6 ± 5.9 (29.8, 44.2) | 36.2 ± 5.9 (27.8, 45.0) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.9 ± 2.2 (9.6, 15.5) | 11.7 ± 1.9 (8.9, 14.3) |
| Platelet count (103/μL) | 218.9 ± 85.2 (69.0, 316.0) | 293.2 ± 101.4 (174.0, 469.0) |
| White blood-cell count (103/μL) | 10.4 ± 4.0 (4.3, 15.6) | 11.2 ± 5.5 (4.0, 23.1) |
| C-reactive protein | 2.5 ± 3.6 (0.1, 8.7) | 4.6 ± 3.7 (0.0, 10.3) |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 48.6 ± 20.2 (28.0, 83.0) | 53.8 ± 31.1 (19.0, 120.0) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.3 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.8 ± 0.4 (0.3, 1.5) |
| AST (U/L) | 32.4 ± 15.2 (18.0, 60.0) | 25.3 ± 12.6 (14.0, 49.0) |
| ALT (U/L) | 22.3 ± 12.9 (8.0, 45.0) | 15.7 ± 5.2 (7.0, 23.0) |
| Clinical outcome | ||
| Length of hospital stay | 10.4 ± 4.9 | 14.7 ± 8.6 |
| Discharged with recovery | 3 | 8 |
| Deceased | 4 | 1 |
CCI scores 1–2 = mild. CCI scores 3–4 = moderate. CCI scores ≥ 5 = severe.
COVID-19 level of severity: classification of the infected patient (therefore positive for the swab) according to 4 levels at admission. Level 0: asymptomatic, the patient should not be hospitalized. Level 1: mild symptoms, pharyngodynia, dry cough, fever. Level 2: moderate symptoms, high fever, persistent dry cough, asthenia, dyspnoea, requires oxygen support (non-invasive). Level 3: severe symptoms, oxygen therapy (invasive), requires access to intensive care.