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. 2020 Oct 15;8:566617. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.566617

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Copyright © 2020 Kubo, Ogawa, Uehara and Katakura.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of polyphenols on β-catenin activity. The effect of these polyphenols on the activity of β-catenin was evaluated. (A) The TOP-Flash reporter assay was performed to evaluate β-catenin activity in HaCaT cells treated with polyphenols. (B) The effect of polyphenols on AXIN2 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. (C,D) The effect of polyphenols on protein expression of β-catenin was evaluated by western blotting using anti-β-catenin antibody. Band intensities were quantitatively determined using ImageJ software. (E) The effect of polyphenols on activity of β-catenin was evaluated by immunofluorescence study using anti-active β-catenin antibody. Statistical significance was determined using a two-sided Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05 (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).