Figure 7.

Energy Dissipation Rate Generated by Various Hydrodynamic Effects

Energy dissipation rate generated by various hydrodynamic effects reproduced with format adaptation from Mollet et al. (2007), where the range of the energy dissipation rate for a 1 L/min flow rate (calculated for the passage through the lumen of a hollow fiber of a cartridge CFP-4-E−3MA of 13 fibers and fiber lumen of 1 mm [General Electric Healthcare]) is given between the red dotted lines; the five-pointed star indicates the threshold shear rateγ_threshold identified in this study for HEK293 cells at 4900 s⁻¹. Detailed definitions: (1) Agitation – Volume average in typical animal cell bioreactor (Varley and Birch, 1999); (2) Agitation – Volume average in a 10 L mixing vessel, RT 700 RPM (Zhou and Kresta, 1996); (3) Agitation – Maximum in a 10 L mixing vessel, RT 700 RPM (Zhou and Kresta, 1996); (4) Agitation – Volume average in a 22,000 L mixing vessel, RT 240 RPM (Wernersson and Tragarch, 1999); (5) Agitation – Maximum in the 22,000 L mixing vessel, RT 240 RPM (Wernersson and Tragarch, 1999); (6) Agitation – Maximum in spinner vessel, 200 RPM (Venkat et al., 1996); (7) Bubble rupture – Pure water bubble diameter: 6.32 mm (Garcia-Briones et al., 1994); (8) Bubble rupture – Pure water, bubble diameter: 1.7 mm (Boulton-Stone and Blake, 1993; Garcia-Briones et al., 1994); (9) Flow through pipe – Pure water, 100 mL/min, 1 mm diameter (Mollet et al., 2004); (10) Flow through a micropipette tip – Flow through a 200 μL micropipette tip in 0.2 s (Mollet et al., 2004)