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. 2020 Jul 15;11(1):1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.005

Figure 4.

Figure 4

UST significantly inhibits the differentiation of TFH cells in vitro and affects germinal center activity in vivo. (A, B) Representative flow cytometry plot and bar graph demonstrate inhibition of IL-12–/TGFβ-driven TFH differentiation by UST (n = 16). (C) Ustekinumab does not influence TFH cell maintenance in vitro (n = 5–6). TFH cell frequencies were normalized to untreated control patients. Friedman test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test were used to test for statistical significance. (D) Elevated germinal center activity decreases following initiation of UST therapy. Germinal center activity was assessed by plasma CXCL13 concentrations in CD patients (>100 pg/mL: n = 9; <100 pg/mL: n = 18). Wilcoxon matched-pairs test was used to test for statistical significance. TFH cell frequencies are shown as percentage of non-naïve CD4+ T cells.