Table 1.
List of the 24 Genes Affected Already in Gluten-Free Diet Within the Group of Transport of Small Molecules Are Grouped According to Their Specific Function
| # | ENSEMBL ID | Symbol | Function | log2-Fold change | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron uptake and transport | |||||
| 1 | ENSG00000072274 | TFRC | delivers iron from transferrin to the cell | 0.54 | .042 |
| 2 | ENSG00000150991 | UBC | ubiquitination | –0.60 | .034 |
| 3 | ENSG00000162769 | FLVCR1 | heme transporter | –0.65 | .028 |
| 4 | ENSG00000076351 | SLC46A1 | folate transport, heme transporter in duodenal enterocytes | –0.85 | .012 |
| Lipid and lipoprotein homeostasis | |||||
| 5 | ENSG00000105699 | LSR | binds chylomicrons, LDL and VLDL in presence of free fatty acids and allows their subsequent uptake in the cells | –0.61 | .034 |
| 6 | ENSG00000160179 | ABCG1 | catalyzes the efflux of phospholipids | –0.88 | .015 |
| 7 | ENSG00000060566 | CREB3L3 | transcription factor involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism | –0.90 | .002 |
| 8 | ENSG00000075239 | ACAT1 | catalyzes an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA | –0.56 | .034 |
| 9 | ENSG00000187288 | CIDEC | promotes lipid transfer from the smaller to larger lipid droplets | –0.87 | .010 |
| 10 | ENSG00000198668 | CALM1 | calcium-binding protein | –0.52 | .032 |
| 11 | ENSG00000138075 | ABCG5 | mediates Mg2+- and ATP-dependent sterol transport across the cell membrane | –0.71 | .032 |
| Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides | |||||
| 12 | ENSG00000123643 | SLC36A1 | pH-dependent electrogenic transporter for small amino acids such as glycine, alanine and proline | –0.67 | .032 |
| 13 | ENSG00000174358 | SLC6A19 | mediates resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane of renal and intestinal epithelial cells | –0.74 | .021 |
| 14 | ENSG00000198668 | CALM1 | calcium-binding protein | –0.52 | .032 |
| 15 | ENSG00000141504 | SAT2 | catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines | –0.59 | .034 |
| 16 | ENSG00000064651 | SLC12A2 | mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption | 0.64 | .032 |
| Ion homeostasis | |||||
| 17 | ENSG00000070961 | ATP2B1 | transports calcium from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space | –0.54 | .015 |
| 18 | ENSG00000069849 | ATP1B3 | maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane | –0.64 | .015 |
| 19 | ENSG00000198668 | CALM1 | calcium-binding protein | –0.52 | .032 |
| 20 | ENSG00000204308 | RNF5 | membrane-bound ubiquitin ligase | –0.65 | .045 |
| Transport of bile salts and organic acids, metal ions, and amine compounds | |||||
| 21 | ENSG00000196660 | SLC30A10 | transports manganese | –0.56 | .042 |
| 22 | ENSG00000007216 | SLC13A2 | cotransports sodium ions and dicarboxylates such as succinate and citrate | –0.86 | .015 |
| 23 | ENSG00000174358 | SLC6A19 | mediates resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane of renal and intestinal epithelial cells | –0.74 | .021 |
| 24 | ENSG00000147804 | SLC39A4 | transports zinc | –0.78 | .039 |
| Other | |||||
| 25 | ENSG00000085563 | ABCB1 | translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane | –0.82 | .003 |
| 26 | ENSG00000146411 | SLC2A12 | catalyzes the uptake of sugars through facilitated diffusion | –0.74 | .044 |
| 27 | ENSG00000137860 | SLC28A2 | uptake and salvage of purine nucleosides | –0.75 | .038 |
Gene ID, gene symbol, function, and numerical values for the disease control vs gluten-free diet groups as log2-fold change and adjusted P values are shown.
FDR, false discovery rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.