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. 2020 Oct 15;7:579874. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.579874

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Copyright © 2020 Nagaya, Lee, Horie and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparisons of CXC chemokine/receptor gene expression levels in primary PC. The box plots indicate the mRNA expression profiles of individual samples. Significantly higher expression of ELR⁻ CXC chemokine/receptor genes (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR7) and significantly lower expression of ELR⁺ CXC chemokine/receptor genes (CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2) were observed in patients with lymph node metastasis-positive (N1) PC than in those with lymph node metastasis-negative (N0) PC. CXCR4 (ELR⁻ CXC chemokine receptor) tended to be higher (p = 0.0502) in N1 patients than in N0 patients. Statistically significant differences in mRNA expression levels between the groups were identified using Mann–Whitney's U-test after confirmation of non-normal distributions.