Table 1.
Diagnoses of cutaneous disorders classified into subgroups and the percentage of misdiagnosis among the subgroups.
| Subgroups of cutaneous diseases | Most frequent skin disease | Numberof patients | % of misdiagnosesin each subgroup | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eczematousdisease | Dermatitis (unspecified) | 88 | 0.00 | 0.00–4.11 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 76 | 0.00 | 0.00–4.74 | |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | 20 | 0.00 | 0.00–16.84 | |
| Juvenile plantar dermatosis of childhood | 10 | 30.00 | 6.67–65.25 | |
| Nummular eczema | 9 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.63 | |
| Pityriasis alba | 7 | 71.43 | 29.04–96.33 | |
| Dyshidrosis | 6 | 0.00 | 0.00–45.93 | |
| Prurigo nodularis | 5 | 0.00 | 0.00–52.18 | |
| Lichen simplex chronicus | 4 | 0.00 | 0.00–60.24 | |
| Lip-licking dermatitis | 4 | 0.00 | 0.00–16.84 | |
| Keratosis pilaris | 4 | 0.00 | 0.00–16.84 | |
| Lichen striatus | 3 | 100.00 | 29.24–100.00 | |
| Lichen nitidus | 2 | 100.00 | 15.81–100.00 | |
| Lichen simplex chronicus | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Intertrigo | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Papulosquamous disease | Pityriasis lichenoides | 23 | 86.96 | 66.41–97.23 |
| Psoriasis | 14 | 0.00 | 0.00–23.16 | |
| Pustular psoriasis | 9 | 100.00 | 66.37–100.00 | |
| Pityriasis rubra pilaris | 9 | 44.44 | 13.70–78.80 | |
| Pityriasis rosea | 2 | 100.00 | 15.81–100.00 | |
| Cutaneous reaction | Urticaria | 18 | 0.00 | 0.00–18.53 |
| Insect bite reaction/papular urticaria | 8 | 0.00 | 0.00–36.94 | |
| Stevens–Johnson syndrome | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Erythema multiforme | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Fixed drug eruption | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Anaphylaxis reaction | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Erythema nodosum | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Connective tissue disease | Systemic lupus erythematosus | 14 | 0.00 | 0.00–23.16 |
| Henoch–Schonlein purpura | 6 | 0.00 | 0.00–45.93 | |
| Panniculitis | 6 | 66.67 | 22.28–95.67 | |
| Linear morphea | 6 | 66.67 | 22.28–95.67 | |
| Neonatal lupus | 4 | 100.00 | 39.76–100.00 | |
| Vasculitis | 4 | 0.00 | 0.00–60.24 | |
| Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Urticarial vasculitis | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Dermatomyositis | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Behcet’s disease | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Vascular and lymphatic disorders | Hemangioma | 72 | 0.00 | 0.00–4.99 |
| Vascular malformation | 5 | 40.00 | 5.28–85.34 | |
| Venolymphatic malformation | 5 | 40.00 | 5.28–85.34 | |
| PHACE syndrome | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Port wine stain | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Sturge–Weber syndrome | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Lymphangioma circumscriptum | 2 | 100.00 | 15.81–100.00 | |
| Pyogenic granuloma | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Lymphatic malformation | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Other inherited diseases | Lamellar ichthyosis | 10 | 70.00 | 34.76–93.33 |
| Ectodermal dysplasia | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–70.76 | |
| Ichthyosis vulgaris | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Epidermolysis hyperkeratosis | 2 | 100.00 | 15.81–100.00 | |
| Mccune–Albright syndrome | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Neurofibromatosis | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia and photophobia syndrome | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Infection | Bacteria | |||
| Impetigo | 12 | 0.00 | 0.00–26.47 | |
| Folliculitis | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–70.76 | |
| Ecthyma | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Skin tuberculosis | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Virus | ||||
| Molluscum contagiosum | 7 | 71.43 | 29.04–96.33 | |
| Wart | 6 | 0.00 | 0.00–45.93 | |
| Hand, foot, and mouth disease | 5 | 0.00 | 0.00–52.18 | |
| Verruca plana | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Fungus | ||||
| Tinea capitis | 8 | 62.50 | 24.49–91.48 | |
| Pityriasis versicolor | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–70.76 | |
| Tinea unguium | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Candidiasis | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Pityrosporum folliculitis | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Tinea corporis | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Tinea incognito | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Tinea faciei | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Vaginal candidiasis | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Mite | ||||
| Scabies | 2 | 100.00 | 15.81–100.00 | |
| Hair disorders | Alopecia areata/totalis/universalis | 13 | 0.00 | 0.00–24.71 |
| Trichotillomania | 12 | 41.67 | 15.17–72.33 | |
| Telogen effluvium | 4 | 100.00 | 39.76–100.00 | |
| Premature gray hair | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Nail disorders | Twenty-nail dystrophy | 5 | 100.00 | 47.82–100.00 |
| Onychomadesis | 4 | 100.00 | 39.76–100.00 | |
| Paronychia | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–70.76 | |
| Onychomycosis | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Melanonychia | 2 | 100.00 | 15.81–100.00 | |
| Pigmentary disorders | Vitiligo | 36 | 0.00 | 0.00–9.74 |
| Nevus depigmentosus | 5 | 100.00 | 47.82–100.00 | |
| Congenital melanocytic nevus | 9 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.63 | |
| Multiple lentigines | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Erythema dyschromicum perstans | 2 | 100.00 | 15.81–100.00 | |
| Nevus of Ota | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00–84.19 | |
| Halo nevus | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Hypomelanosis of Ito | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Speckled lentiginous nevus | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00–97.50 | |
| Vesiculobullous diseases | Epidermolysis bullosa | 7 | 42.86 | 9.90–81.60 |
| Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood | 6 | 33.33 | 4.33–77.72 | |
| Pemphigus vulgaris | 5 | 60.00 | 14.66–94.73 | |
| Incontinentia pigmenti | 2 | 50.00 | 1.26–98.74 | |
| Bullous pemphigoid | 2 | 50.00 | 1.26–98.74 | |
| Miscellaneous | Acne | 22 | 0.00 | 0.00–15.44 |
| Urticaria pigmentosa | 12 | 83.33 | 51.59–97.91 | |
| Nevus sebaceous | 9 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.63 | |
| Epidermal nevus | 8 | 62.50 | 24.49–91.48 | |
| Miliaria rubra | 7 | 57.14 | 18.41–90.10 | |
| Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis | 4 | 100.00 | 39.76–100.00 | |
| Gianotti–Crosti syndrome | 4 | 100.00 | 39.76–100.00 | |
| Juvenile xanthogranuloma | 4 | 100.00 | 39.76–100.00 | |
| Geographic tongue | 4 | 100.00 | 39.76–100.00 | |
| Umbilical granuloma | 3 | 100.00 | 29.24–100.00 | |
| Granuloma annulare | 3 | 100.00 | 29.24–100.00 | |
| Dermoid cyst/inclusion cyst | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–70.76 | |
| Recurrent oral ulcer | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–70.76 | |
| Acanthosis nigricans | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–70.76 | |
| Mycosis fungoides | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Nevus comedonicus | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 | |
| Trichoepithelioma | 1 | 100.00 | 2.50–100.00 |
CI: confidence interval; PHACE: posterior fossae of the brain, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, and eye anomalies.