TABLE 1.
Shear stress in microvascular remodeling. Summary of shear stress (SS) values in selected vascular territories under homeostatic and microvascular remodeling conditions in vivo. Note that capillary shear stress values obtained by computational approaches are based on theoretical input pressure values into the simulated network and may not accurately reflect in vivo physiological values.
| Vascular bed | SS (dyn/cm2) | Comments | References |
| Physiological shear stress values | |||
| Human | |||
| Arteries (various tissues) | 1–7 | Chiu and Chien (2011) | |
| Veins (various tissues) | 0.6–1.1 | ||
| Vascular geometries | <4 | Arterial branch points and curvatures | |
| Mouse | |||
| Embryo | ≈5 | Udan et al. (2013) | |
| Retinal Arteriole (p5 and p6) | 0–200 | Based on computational simulations | Bernabeu et al. (2014), Franco et al. (2015) |
| Retinal Arteriole (8-12 weeks) | 70 | Using a network modeling | Ganesan et al. (2010) |
| Retinal Venule (p5) | 0–100 | Based on computational simulations | Bernabeu et al. (2014) |
| Retinal Venule (p6) | 0–150 | Based on computational simulations | Franco et al. (2015) |
| Retinal Venule (8–12 weeks) | 55 | Using a network modeling | Ganesan et al. (2010) |
| Retinal Capillaries (p5 and p6) | 0–200 | Based on computational simulations | Bernabeu et al. (2014), Franco et al. (2015) |
| Retinal vessels order 1–3 (arterial) | 40–110 | Using a network modeling | Ganesan et al. (2010) |
| Retinal vessels order 1–3 (venous) | 25–90 | Using a network modeling | Ganesan et al. (2010) |
| Postnatal and adult mouse aorta | 60–250 | Mean SS in postnatal: 140 dyn/cm2 Mean SS in adult: 95 dyn/cm2 | Trachet et al. (2009) |
| Zebrafish | |||
| Caudal Plexus Vein 25–42 hpf | 0–22.5 | Computational simulations | Karthik et al. (2018) |
| 0–15 | At the pillar/splitting zone | ||
| Intersegmental Vessels 5 dpf | 1.2 ± 0.2 | Pruning usually occurring | Choi et al. (2017) |
| Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) | |||
| Chicken CAM Arterioles | 4.47 ± 2.7 | Mathematical simulations | Maibier et al. (2016) |
| Chicken CAM Venules | 4.65 ± 3.4 | Mathematical simulations | |
| Rat | |||
| Skeletal muscle | 5.6 ± 0.8 | Hudlicka et al. (2006) | |
| Capillary pruning and splitting shear stress values | |||
| Pruning | |||
| Retina (p6) | 0–1 | Computational simulation pruned vessel | Bernabeu et al. (2014) |
| Retina (p6) | ≈0 | Computational simulation pruned vessel | Franco et al. (2015) |
| Zebrafish Brain (3 dpf) | 0.55 ± 0.05 0.18 ± 0.02 | Computational simulation of pruned vessel (2 different events) | Chen et al. (2012) |
| 1 ± 0.2 1 | Computational simulation of unpruned adjacent vessel (2 different events) | ||
| Splitting | |||
| Zebrafish CVP (25–42 hpf) | 0.4 and 1 | Computational simulation after pillar appearance (values of 2 different pillars) | Karthik et al. (2018) |
| 1.6 and 5 | Computational simulation before pillar appearance (linked with above pillars) | ||
| 11 | Computational simulation, 5 μm to pillar | ||
| 0.8 | Computational simulation in the shortest distance to the same pillar above | ||
| Chick CAM | <0.3 and <0.6 | In the zone of the first intravascular pillar and in the interpillar surfaces | Lee et al. (2010) |
| Murine colitis | 15–45 | Computational simulations | Filipovic et al. (2009) |
| Murine colitis (and CAM) | <1 | Dead zone where pillars form | |
| Rat skeletal muscle (2 day-activity) | 11.4 ± 1.0 | Prior to splitting | Hudlicka et al. (2006) |