Table 1. Patient Characteristics at Wait List Registration Before vs After the Change in Heart Allocation Policya.
| Characteristic | Before change (n = 10 671) | After change (n = 4960) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 53.1 (12.7) | 52.7 (13.0) | .06 |
| Male sex | 7823 (73.3) | 3610 (72.8) | .67 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 6846 (64.5) | 3073 (62.2) | <.001 |
| Black | 2440 (23.0) | 1198 (24.3) | |
| Hispanic | 910 (8.6) | 483 (9.8) | |
| Asian | 345 (3.3) | 161 (3.3) | |
| Other | 70 (0.7) | 22 (0.5) | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.9 (5.0) | 28.1 (5.0) | .01 |
| Blood type | |||
| A | 4050 (38.0) | 1844 (37.2) | .60 |
| AB | 504 (4.7) | 224 (4.5) | |
| B | 1501 (14.1) | 728 (14.7) | |
| O | 4615 (43.3) | 2164 (43.6) | |
| Cause of heart failure | |||
| Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy | 5776 (54.1) | 2587 (52.2) | <.001 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 3273 (30.7) | 1365 (27.5) | |
| Congenital heart disease | 316 (3.0) | 167 (3.4) | |
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 339 (3.2) | 192 (3.9) | |
| Valvular heart disease | 124 (1.2) | 51 (1.0) | |
| Failed primary heart transplant | 255 (2.4) | 105 (2.1) | |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 299 (2.8) | 154 (3.1) | |
| Other cause | 289 (2.7) | 339 (6.8) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3102 (29.1) | 1330 (28.0) | .15 |
| Serum creatinine, mean (SD), mg/dL | 1.22 (0.52) | 1.22 (0.41) | .49 |
| Prelisting mechanical ventilation | 186 (1.7) | 95 (1.9) | .45 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 549 (5.1) | 622 (12.5) | <.001 |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 186 (1.7) | 138 (2.8) | <.001 |
| Ventricular assist device at listing | |||
| None | 7172 (67.3) | 3328 (69.8) | .001 |
| Left ventricular assist device | 3350 (31.4) | 1360 (28.5) | |
| Right ventricular assist device | 9 (0.1) | 7 (0.2) | |
| Total artificial heart | 39 (0.4) | 12 (0.3) | |
| Biventricular assist device | 95 (0.9) | 59 (1.2) | |
| Type of left ventricular assist device | |||
| HeartMate 2 | 1711 (16.0) | 245 (4.9) | <.001 |
| HeartWare | 992 (9.3) | 384 (7.7) | .001 |
| HeartMate 3 | 67 (0.6) | 600 (12.1) | <.001 |
| Other durable device | 627 (5.9) | 155 (3.1) | <.001 |
| Temporary device | 93 (0.9) | 98 (2.1) | <.001 |
| Status at listing | |||
| Old status | NA | ||
| 1A | 2610 (24.5) | NA | |
| 1B | 4959 (46.5) | NA | |
| 2 | 2794 (26.2) | NA | |
| New status | |||
| 1 | NA | 195 (3.9) | |
| 2 | NA | 951 (19.2) | |
| 3 | NA | 604 (12.2) | |
| 4 | NA | 1906 (38.4) | |
| 5 | NA | 2 (0.04) | |
| 6 | NA | 1156 (23.3) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); NA, not applicable.
SI conversion factor: To convert creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated.