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. 2020 Oct 15;11:567796. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.567796

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Copyright © 2020 Corkey and Deeney.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustration of mitochondrial interactions among pyridine nucleotides, ROS and the thiol redox system. SOD, superoxide dismutase; NNT, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase; GPX, GSH peroxidase; Prx, peroxiredoxin; Trx, thioredoxin; R, reductase. Mitochondrial ROS is produced at high NADH levels. NADH is derived from available fuels and promotes ROS production when cellular ATP levels are sufficient. NNT plays a vital role in ROS removal driven by the proton gradient as indicated by red arrow.