Table 2.

Estimation of the 2C/3C relationships of a human standard diet.

Macronutrient	Food Intake, g	Energy Intake		Primary Final Catabolite (mmol/d)				2C/3C Ratio
		%	kJ/d	1C	2C	3C	4C + 5C
carbohydrate	345	55	5775			3830
lipid	84	30	3150		5400	100
protein	94	15	1575	59	413	93	406
totals		100	10,500	59	5813	4023	406	1.44
					5813	4429		1.31

We used standard consensus-recommended diet compositions [168,169] adapted for a 70 kg healthy adult man, assuming his body weight remains without changes (goals expressed by the WHO and EFSA in the references cited above), that is with no accrual neither losses. The intake was adjusted to 10.5 MJ/d (2500 kcal/d or 122 W). Obviously, the distribution in final metabolites for protein may be subjected to wider changes than lipids and carbohydrate, depending on the protein sources of the diet. We have not found published data for population-wide analysis of amino acids for diet protein composition related to complete and time-sustained normal human diets. In order to get an approximation to the sought data, we used instead data for rat cafeteria diet of previous studies from our research group [170,171], on the assumption that the “cafeteria” diet was devised to mimic the usual consumption of food of young humans late in the past century in urban Westernized settings [154]. In the rat cafeteria diet used, the amino acid residues had a mean MW of 126.