Table 13.

Excipients used in a drug-eluting balloon [14].

	Excipient	Role	Ref.
Bioadhesives	Amino acids (DOPA)	To deliver the therapeutic agent from the vehicle and gain adhesion to the vessel	[142,146]
	Adhesive surface proteins (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules)	To adhere to the lesion site, produced by pathogens
	Polymer materials (polysaccharides, alginic acid, PVA, etc.)	To deliver the therapeutic agent from the vehicle and gain adhesion to the vessel
	Minigel particles (poly(N-iso propyl acrylamide))	To gain adhesion to the vessel at body temperature and behave as a liquid
	Endothelial cell stimulant (mono- and disaccharides and polymers)	Promotes the uptake of a therapeutic agent when it comes into contact with endothelial cells lining the vasculature
Hydrophilic carriers	Shellac	To increase the adhesion of paclitaxel, considered as a superior excipient in binding paclitaxel	[146,218]
	Urea	To increase homogenous delivery of a drug	[146]
	Iopramide	To monitor balloon movements, a radio spacer agent used in angiography	[146,148]
	Butyryl-trihexyl citrate	Hydrophilic carrier in binding a lipophilic drug to the vessel wall	[146]
Lipophilic lubricant	C6-C30 magnesium, zinc, calcium, or ammonium Monocarboxylic acid salt, talc, or magnesium stearate	To decrease the frictional force between the polymer layer and balloon and to increase drug binding to the balloon	[150]
Antioxidants	Butylated hydroxyl toluene	To prevent the decomposition of the drug through oxidation and promote adherence of medicine to the balloon	[219]