Table 1.

Conventional and biologic DMARDs involved in therapeutic research for COVID19 (updated at June 18,2020).

Drugs	Rational	Population/Condition	Trials Status/RCTs with results (number)
Chloroquine/Hydroxycloroquine	Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, both on adaptive and innate immunity, with inhibition of cytokine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, proteases and oxyradicals production. It also interfers with lysosomal activity and autophagy, membrane stability and signaling pathways and transcriptional activity, which can result in modulation of certain costimulatory molecules and may interfere with viral infection and replication. Inhibition pH-dependent steps of the replication of several viruses, including SARS-CoV infection. Modulation of glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV	From preventative treatment to severe forms of COVID-19, including COVID19-pneumonia	Recruiting or Authorized/0
Leflunomide	Tyrosine kinase inhibition, Inhibition of pyrimidine de novo synthesis	COVID19-pneumonia	Recruiting or Authorized/0
Cyclosporin a	Calcineurin inhibitor. It can inhibit the replication of several coronaviruses, including SARS-COV	Hospitalized COVID19 patients, COVID19-pneumonia	Authorized/0
Tocilizumab	Immunosuppressive effect with IL6-inhibition, efficacy in cytokine release syndrome	COVID19, severe COVID19, COVID19-pneumonia	Recruiting or Authorized/0
Sarilumab	Immunosuppressive effect with IL6-inhibition	Moderate-severe COVID19, Hospitalized COVID19 patients, COVID19-pneumonia	Authorized/0
Anakinra	Immunosuppressive effect with IL1-inhibition, inhibition of the inlammasome	COVID19, COVID19-pneumonia, Cytokine storm syndrome in COVID19	Authorized/0
Canakinumab	Immunosuppressive effect with IL1-inhibition, inhibition of the inlammasome	COVID19-pneumonia	Authorized/0
Adalimumab	Immunosuppressive effect with TNFalpha-inhibition	Severe COVID19-pneumonia	Not Recruiting/0
Ixekizumab	Immunosuppressive effect with IL17-inhibition. IL17 functions are crucial in different settings of viral infections. For MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the severity of disease was shown to positively correlate with levels of IL-17. The excessive production of IL-17 has been observed in patients with ARDS	COVID19-pneumonia	Recruiting/0
Baricitinib	Inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway, reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, potential inhibition of AP2 associated proteinkinase1 (AAK1) that SARS-CoV-2 uses to infect lung cells through binding with ACE2	COVID19-pneumonia	Authorized/0
Ruxolitinib	Inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway, reduction of proinflammatory cytokines	COVID19, severe COVID19, severe COVID19-pneumonia, COVID19-ARDS, Cytokine storm syndrome in COVID19	Recruiting or Authorized/0
Jakotinib	Inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway, reduction of proinflammatory cytokines	Severe and acute exacerbation COVID19-pneumonia	Recruiting/0