Table 1.

Summary of bias-corrected Shepherd efficiency scores by income group (full results in online supplemental material S4)

Income group
Low income	Lower-middle income	Upper-middle income	High income	All countries
Number of countries	26	46	49	51	172
Mean	0.69	0.82	0.88	0.95	0.86
SD	(0.11)	(0.10)	(0.07)	(0.05)	(0.12)
Minimum	0.50	0.55	0.73	0.80	0.50
Maximum	0.86	0.96	0.97	1	1
Top 3	Malawi, Rwanda, Zimbabwe	El Salvador, Samoa, Vietnam	Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania	Latvia, Lithuania, United Arab Emirates	Malawi, Rwanda, Zimbabwe
Bottom 3	Mali, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan	Mauritania, Sudan, Yemen	Colombia, Peru, Brazil	Switzerland, Austria, Belgium	Switzerland, Austria, Belgium