Table 2.
Metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory parameters
| Late pregnancy n=8 | Early post partum n=6 | Late post partum n=7 | P value | |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||
| M value | 1.9±0.1a | 3.8±0.4b | 3.8±0.3b | <0.0001 |
| ISI | 0.03±0.004a | 0.09±0.01b | 0.07±0.008c | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 79.5±3.6a | 71.8±4.5b | 68.9±4.2c | <0.0001 |
| BMI | 28.3±0.9a | 25.3±0.7b | 24.9±1.2c | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 119±3 | 112±3a | 121±4b | 0.04 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 71±3 | 68±4 | 76±5 | NS |
| HbA1c mmol/mol | 36±1.7 | 38±2 | 37±2 | NS |
| HbA1c % | 5.4+0.2 | 5.6+0.2 | 5.5+0.2 | NS |
| Plasma glucose | 5.2±0.1 | 5.1±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | NS |
| Creatinine | 52.8±4 | 61.7±4 | 56.5±4 | NS |
| Cholesterol | 5.7±0.3a | 5.8±0.4a | 4.4±0.3b | <0.0001 |
| HDL | 1.8±0.2a | 1.6±0.2a | 1.3±0.2b | <0.0001 |
| LDL | 2.8±0.3a | 3.7±0.3b | 2.6±0.2a | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride | 2.5±0.3a | 1.1±0.1b | 1±0.2b | <0.0001 |
| eGFR | >90 | >90 | >90 | |
| Sodium | 137±0.3a | 140±0.3b | 140±0.4b | <0.0001 |
| Potassium | 3.7±0.1a | 4±0.1b | 3.9±0.1 | 0.01 |
| NEFA | 1.2±0.2 | 1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | NS |
| Hormonal parameters | ||||
| Insulin | 65.4±10a | 25±4b | 40±5.4b | 0.0002 |
| Glucagon | 124±9.3a | 112±9.2b | 101±9.4c | <0.0001 |
| C-peptide | 758±97a | 384±26b | 562±61c | <0.0001 |
| TSH | 2±0.3 | 1.0±0.1 | 2.6±0.9 | NS |
| Adiponectin | 8.9±1.7 | 8.4±2.6 | 9.1±1.5 | NS |
| IGF-1 | 267±29.7a | 145±14.9b | 185±12.1b | <0.0001 |
| IGF-BP1 | 86±9.9a | 41±5.4b | 21±2.8b | <0.0001 |
| GH | 0.3±0.2a | 1.6±0.8 | 2.5±0.5b | 0.002 |
| Leptin | 32.9±7.3a | 17.3±2.2b | 21.3±6.7 | 0.003 |
| FGF-21 | 297±66.6 | 362±109.1 | 309±86.4 | NS |
| Inflammatory parameters | ||||
| HS-CRP | 6.6±3.8 | 5.3±2.5 | 1.9±1.3 | NS |
| MBL | 1948±78a | 989±342b | 1238±405 | 0.03 |
| IL-6 | 1.4±0.3 | 1.8±0.8 | 1.1±0.4 | NS |
| TNF-α | 12.6±1.2 | 10.3±0.9 | 11.1±1.4 | NS |
Variables are summarized by mean±SE.
a, b, cP<0.05 indicates statistical significant difference between the respective visits, eg, for the M-value, we found statistically significant difference between visit 1 and visit 2 and between visit 1 and visit 3 but no statistically significant difference between visit 2 and visit 3.
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FGF-21, Fibroblast Growth Factor-21; GH, growth hormone; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HS-CRP, high-sensitive C reactive protein; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IGF-BP1, IGF-binding protein 1; IL, interleukin; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MBL, mannose-binding lectin; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; NS, not significant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.