Table 5.
Adjusted Hazard of Mortality Among Each Class Position Relative to the Hazard Among Workers (for the Simple Class Measure) and Less-Skilled Workers (for the Complex Class Measure) Among Respondents Ages 25 to 64.
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRa | 95% CI | HRa | 95% CI | |||
| Simple class measure (ref: workers) | ||||||
| Managers | 0.93 | 0.83 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 0.90 | 1.18 |
| Petty bourgeoisie | 1.08 | 0.90 | 1.31 | 1.12 | 0.88 | 1.42 |
| Capitalists | 0.83 | 0.70 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.73 | 1.33 |
| Complex class measure (ref: less-skilled workers) | ||||||
| More-skilled workers | 0.79 | 0.67 | 0.92 | 0.79 | 0.67 | 0.93 |
| Low-level managers | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.74 | 1.05 |
| High-level managers | 0.86 | 0.73 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.81 | 1.25 |
| Petty bourgeoisie | 1.00 | 0.82 | 1.21 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 1.28 |
| Small capitalists | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.84 | 0.58 | 1.23 |
| Large capitalists | 0.83 | 0.66 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 0.60 | 1.57 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
Estimates are based on survey-weighted, multiply-imputed data on 17,305 GSS respondents from the 1980–2010 survey waves linked to the National Death Index through 2014.
a
HRs are estimated from Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and year with 3-knot restricted cubic splines. Confidence intervals calculated via Taylor series linearization.