Figure 4.

The plasma concentrations of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 and control groups. The levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA (a–f). The depicted results are representative of 40 independent experiments for control group, 57 independent experiments for COVID-19 patients at the first day of treatment, and 51 independent experiments for COVID-19 patients in 10 days of treatment. All data show mean ± SEM.

^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^****P < 0.0001.