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Forest plot of the relationship between GDF-15 and 9 CVDs. Data are reported as OR (odd ratio) and 95% CI ( confidence interval). AIS any ischemic stroke, CES cardioembolic stroke, LAS large-artery atherosclerotic stroke, SVS small vessel stroke, AF atrial fibrillation, HF heart failure, NICM nonischemic cardiomyopathy, CAD coronary artery disease, MI myocardial infarction
