Table 7.

Effect of trace element addition on the oxidation resistance of In-based/Sn-Bi/Sn-Zn solder.

Solder	Element	wt. %	Oxidation resistance	reliability	Reference
			↓		[140]
Sn-Bi	Al	0.005	↑		[141]
	Ge	0.007	↑	√	[142]
Sn-Zn	Cr	0.1	↑		[144]
	Ga	0.5	↑↑		[145]
	Ag	0.5	↑		[146]
	Ag, In	0.5, 1	↑↑	√√	[146]
	Bi	1	↑		[147]
	Nd	0.1	↑		[148]

Notes:↓ = slightly decreased

↓↓ = remarkably decreased

↑ = slightly increased

↑↑ = remarkably increased

√ = slightly improved

√√ = remarkably improved