Table 3.

Tests for hospitalized transplant recipients with COVID-19 [27–33]

Tests on hospitalization	Laboratory results related with disease severity	Considerations in interpreting test results of transplant recipients	Monitoring interval
Complete blood counts with differential	Neutrophil count > 8000/μL, lymphocyte < 1000/μL, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet < 100 × 103/μL	Myelosuppression by immunosuppressants	Daily
Coagulation tests	Prothrombin time ≥ 16 s		Daily
D-dimer ± Fibrinogen	D-dimer > 1 μg/mL		Every 48–72 hoursa
Comprehensive metabolic panel	Albumin level < 3.4 g/dL, ALT > 40 U/L, AST, bilirubin, BUN, creatinine > 1.1 mg/dL	Side effects by immunosuppressants and antimicrobial prophylaxis, toxicity by drug-drug interactions	Daily
LDH	> 250 U/L		Every 48–72 hoursa
CPK	> 185 U/L
Ferritin	> 300 ng/mL		Every 48–72 hoursa
Troponin Ib	> 28 pg/mL
CRP	> 4 mg/dL		Daily
Procalcitonin	≥ 0.07 ng/mL	Bacterial infection
IL-6	> 32.1 pg/mL
Urinalysis		New-onset proteinuria: renal involvement by SARS-COV-2
Urine legionella and pneumococcal antigen
Respiratory viral panel
Culture for bacteria and fungi
CMV antigenemia and PCR
β-d-glucan and galactomannan
Cryptococcal antigen
Histoplasma antigen
Clostridium difficile toxin assay
Level of immunosuppressants
Chest radiography
ECG

^aTests should be performed daily in kidney transplant recipients with severe or rapidly progressing COVID-19

^bTroponin concentration is measured if acute myocardial infarction of new onset LV dysfunction is considered

Abbreviations: AST, Aspartate amino transferase; ALT, Alanine amino transferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; CPK, Creatinine phosphokinase; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; CMV, cytomegalovirus; ECG, electrocardiogram