Table 1.
Ribosomal proteins and ribosome biogenesis factors utilized for viral infection
| RPs/RBFs | Virus | Functions for viral infection | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| RPSA | FMDV | FMDV VP1 interacts with RPSA to promote viral replication | Zhu et al. 2019 |
| RPS5 | HCV | Interacts with the IRES of HCV for optional translation of viral transcripts | Fukushi et al. 2001; Bhat et al. 2015 |
| RPS6 | HCV | Acts as an indispensable host factor for HCV propagation | Huang et al. 2012 |
| KSHV | Interacts with the latency-associated nuclear antigen of KSHV | Chen et al. 2011 | |
| RPS9 | HCV | Interacts with the IRES of HCV for optional translation of viral transcripts | Fukushi et al. 2001 |
| RPS3 | HIV-1 | Interacts with viral Tat to inhibit cell proliferation | Kim and Kim 2018 |
| RPS2 | WNV, DENV, YFV | Acts as receptor interacting with viral envelope protein E | Zidane et al. 2012 |
| RPS19 | Hantavirus | Required for initiation of viral nucleocapsid protein-mediated translation | Cheng et al. 2011 |
| RPS20 | Poxvirus | Ubiquitination is specifically required for synthesis of viral proteins | DiGiuseppe et al. 2018 |
| RPS25 | CrPV, HCV, HTLV-1, Poliovirus, Adenovirus | Required for initiation of viral IRES-mediated translation | Landry et al. 2009; Hertz et al. 2013; Olivares et al. 2014 |
| RPS27 | IAV | Facilitates viral replication and infectivity | Karlas et al. 2010 |
| RPS27a | EBV | Enhances viral proliferation and invasion by stabilizing LMP1 | Hong et al. 2017 |
| RACK1 | HCV | Facilitates initiation of viral IRES-mediated translation | Majzoub et al. 2014; Ullah et al. 2019 |
| RPL4 | IBDV | Modulates viral replication as interaction partner of viral VP3 protein | Chen et al. 2016 |
| EBV | Acts as essential host factor for EBV Nuclear Antigen 1 function | Shen et al. 2016 | |
| RPL6 | HTLV-1 | Facilitates proliferation of HTLV-I | Wang et al. 2002 |
| RPL7 | HIV-1 | Facilitates virus particle assembly as a Gag binding partner | Mekdad et al. 2016 |
| WSSV | Interacts with VP51 to participate in WSSV infection | Liu et al. 2015 | |
| RPL9 | MMTV | Facilitates virus particle assembly as a Gag binding partner | Beyer et al. 2013 |
| RPL18 | RSV | Interacts with nucleocapsid protein to participate in RSV infection | Li et al. 2018a, b |
| RPL40 | VSV, RABV | Promotes efficient translation of viral transcripts | Lee et al. 2015 |
| RPLP1/P2 | DENV, YFV, | Act as essential host factors for early viral protein accumulation | Campos et al. 2017 |
| RPL10a | ZIKV HCV, CrPV | Regulate viral IRES-mediated translation | Shi et al. 2017 |
| RPL13 | FMDV | Interacts with viral IRES in helicase DDX3-dependent manner | Han et al. 2019 |
| NOP53 | HSV-1 | Cytoplasmic translocation associated with efficient viral replication | Meng et al. 2018; 2019 |
| RRP1B | IAV | Acts as essential host factors for IAV transcription | Su et al. 2015 |
| Nucleolin | Poliovirus | Stimulates IRES-mediated translation of the poliovirus genome | Izumi et al. 2001 |
| MRM3 | HCMV | Essential host factor for mitochondrial coding proteins and viral replication | Karniely et al. 2016 |
| UBF | Adenovirus | Associates with the replication of viral DNA | Lawrence et al. 2006 |
| NPM | HBV | Interacts with HBx and mediates its oncogenic effects | Ahuja et al. 2015 |
| DDX5 | SARS-CoV, IBV, HIV-1, HCV | Recruited by viral proteins to facilitate viral replication | Chen et al. 2009; Zhou et al. 2013; Goh et al. 2004; Bortz et al. 2011 |