Table 2.
Odds of accompaniment of Medicare Beneficiaries by Self-Reported Sensory Impairment
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Standard Error | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sensory impairment | |||
| No sensory impairment | REF | ||
| Hearing impairment only | 1.043 (0.841–1.293) | 0.113 | 0.698 |
| Vision impairment only | 2.139 (1.605–2.850) | 0.310 | 0.000 |
| Dual sensory impairment | 2.703 (1.549–4.718) | 0. 759 | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | |||
| 64 and younger | REF | ||
| 65–74 | 0.544 (0.440–0.673) | 0.058 | 0.000 |
| 75 and older | 1.382 (1.163–1.643) | 0.120 | 0.000 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | REF | ||
| Female | 1.063 (0.942–1.200) | 0.065 | 0.316 |
| Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | REF | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.220 (0.999–1.492) | 0.123 | 0.051 |
| Hispanic | 1.650 (1.376–1.979) | 0.151 | 0.000 |
| Other | 1.410 (1.113–1.786) | 0.168 | 0.005 |
| Educational attainment | |||
| Less than 9th grade | REF | ||
| High school or vocational, degree | 0.763 (0.643–0.907) | 0.066 | 0.002 |
| More than high school | 0.499 (0.420–0.594) | 0.044 | 0.000 |
| Income | |||
| Less than $25,000 | REF | ||
| Greater or equal to $25,000 | 0.758 (0.652–0.883) | 0.058 | 0.000 |
| Marital Status | |||
| Not married | REF | ||
| Married | 2.789 (2.465–3.16) | 0.174 | 0.000 |
| Difficulty walking ¼ mile | |||
| No difficulty | REF | ||
| Little difficulty | 1.449 (1.190–1.765) | 0.144 | 0.000 |
| Some difficulty | 1.364 (1.135–1.639) | 0.126 | 0.001 |
| A lot of difficulty | 2.360 (1.887–2.951) | 0.266 | 0.000 |
| Unable to do it | 3.524 (2.949–4.212) | 0.317 | 0.000 |
| General health | |||
| Excellent | REF | ||
| Very good | 1.303 (1.095–1.550) | 0.114 | 0.003 |
| Good | 1.647 (1.388–1.954) | 0.142 | 0.000 |
| Fair | 2.116 (1.722–2.601) | 0.220 | 0.000 |
| Poor | 2.672 (1.941–3.678) | 0.430 | 0.000 |
| Medicare Medicaid dual eligibility | |||
| Non-dual | REF | ||
| Full dual | 1.722 (1.388–2.135) | 0.187 | 0.000 |
| Partial dual | 1.351 (1.004–1.816) | 0.202 | 0.047 |
| QMB dual | 1.271 (0.889–1.817) | 0.229 | 0.185 |
| Depression | |||
| Never been diagnosed | REF | ||
| Diagnosed | 0.945 (0.831–1.075) | 0.061 | 0.389 |