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. 2020 Oct 28;11(10):924. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-03127-z

Fig. 4. Summary of the diverse roles of Mφ-EVs in multiple diseases.

Fig. 4

Mφ-EVs can exhibit therapeutic effects to counter pathogens and tumors and promote tissue repair. However, EVs from dysfunctional Mφ can induce excessive inflammatory response, EMT, endothelial injury, and tumor immunosuppression.