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. 2020 Oct 28;10:18415. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75621-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of ghrelin and GLP-1 on calcium response and current–voltage in NG neurons. (A,B) Representative fluorescence images and percent changes from the basal 340/380 fluorescence ratio of calcium response to ghrelin- or GLP-1-induced activation in NG neurons. In Glp1r⁺Ghsr⁺ neurons, ghrelin administration after GLP-1 failed to suppress GLP-1-induced calcium responses (A, n = 10), and GLP-1 administration after ghrelin failed to increase calcium responses (B, n = 10). (C,D) Average areas under the curve (AUC) for [Ca²⁺]_i in A (C) and B (D). (E) GLP-1- or ghrelin-responsive neurons were collected after calcium imaging study to determine their Glp1r and Ghsr mRNA expression (yellow arrow). (F,G) Effects of ghrelin (F) and GLP-1 (G) on total outward currents of primary cultured NG neurons. (H,I) Changes of I/V relationships in response to ghrelin or GLP-1 administration. Ghrelin generated a hyperpolarising current and GLP-1 generated a depolarising current at both 20 and 40 mV (n = 10). Scale bars, 50 µm (A,B), and 25 µm (E). All values are means ± SE. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, ns not significant.