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. 2020 Oct 28;11:5434. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19234-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Pseudotime trajectories showing IFE differentiation going from IFE-B to IFE-T to IFE-D to IFE-TD for the two WT (left) and two Grhl3^−/− (right) P0 IFEs. The Grhl3^−/− differentiation trajectory has a branch which is attributed to the IFE-A1 population and expansion of basal, proliferating cells. b Expression of Krt14, Krt5, Krt10, and Krt1 projected on the pseudotime trajectory for the WT (left) and the Grhl3^−/− (right) IFE. c RNA-Velocity analysis of the pseudotime trajectory of IFE cells for WT1, WT2, Grhl3^−/−1, Grhl3^−/−2. Direction of the arrows points to the fate the cells are heading toward; length of the arrows reflects how fast the cells are heading toward a particular fate. Note IFE differentiation is marked by a clear commitment point (arrowhead) and is a one-step, continuous process with no intermediary stages in the WT. In contrast, most cells fail to proceed through the commitment point (arrowhead) and transition cells show a propensity to go back to basal fate in the Grhl3^−/− IFE.