Table 2.
Time window-specific gestational age change (d) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels
| Percentile | 2.5th | 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | 97.5th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimal adjustment | |||||||
| First trimester | 0.00 (−0.78, 0.78) | 0.00 (−0.29, 0.29) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.39, 0.39) |
| Second trimester | 0.91 (0.13, 1.7) | 0.00 (−0.29, 0.29) | 0.00 (−0.29, 0.29) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) |
| Third trimester | −2.8 (−3.5, −2.1) | −1.8 (−2.1, −1.5) | −1.2 (−1.3, −1.1) | −0.85 (−0.95, −0.75) | −0.80 (−0.90, −0.70) | −0.75 (−1.0, −0.46) | −0.67 (−1.1, −0.28) |
| Last month | −7.4 (−8.2, −6.7) | −3.7 (−4.0, −3.4) | −2.2 (−2.3, −2.1) | −1.2 (−1.3, −1.1) | −0.74 (−0.84, −0.64) | −0.65 (−0.94, −0.35) | −0.50 (−0.89, −0.11) |
| Full adjustment | |||||||
| First trimester | 0.00 (−0.39, 0.39) | 0.00 (−0.29, 0.29) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0 (−0.10, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.10) |
| Second trimester | 0.78 (0.19, 1.4) | −0.65 (−1.0, −0.26) | 0.00 (−0.29, 0.29) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) |
| Third trimester | −4.2 (−5.0, −3.4) | −1.9 (−2.1, −1.6) | −1.2 (−1.4, −1.0) | −0.82 (−0.92, −0.72) | −0.74 (−0.94, −0.54) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.10) | −0.54 (−0.93, −0.15) |
| Last month | −7.5 (−8.3, −6.7) | −3.7 (−4.0, −3.4) | −2.2 (−2.3, −2.1) | −1.2 (−1.3, −1.1) | −0.74 (−0.84, −0.64) | −0.65 (−0.94, −0.36) | −0.50 (−0.89, −0.11) |
Point estimates (95% confidence interval) for each percentile are reported here. Each time window effect estimate is for neonates with information on that time window. Minimal adjustment included adjustment for individual covariates excluding maternal risk factors (maternal lung diseases, cardiac diseases, diabetes, chronic hypertension, incompetent cervix, with previous infant with birth defect, with previous infant over 4000 g, with previous infant of small for gestational age, renal diseases, rH sensitization, and sickle cell), contextual variables, season of conception, and calendar year described in Methods section. Full adjustment included adjustment for individual covariates, contextual variables, season of conception, and calendar year described in Methods section.