Fig. 1.

Histological characteristics of the ageing kidney. (a) Representative light micrographs showing normal histological characteristics in the healthy young kidney (periodic acid-Schiff staining, ×100). (a1) The enlarged view showing a normal glomerulus. Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) Representative light micrographs showing histological characteristics in the ageing kidney, including ischemic global glomerulosclerosis, focal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and arteriolar hyalinosis (periodic acid-Schiff staining, ×100). (b1) Representative light micrograph highlighting nephrosclerosis in the ageing kidney. The arrow indicates global glomerulosclerosis, black arrowheads indicate focal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and green arrowheads indicate arteriolar hyalinosis. (b2) The enlarged view showing a moderately hypertrophic glomerulus. Scale bar, 100 μm.