Table 1. Main trial and subgroup characteristics.

Trial	Trial population	Median/mean trial duration	Randomization groups	N	Mean/median on-treatment LDL-C	Subgroup-defining baseline characteristics
IDEAL	History of MI	4.8 years	Simvastatin 20 mg	4449	104 mg/dl	Age <65 years/Age 65–80 years CKD/No CKD PVD present/absent Smoking status current, former, never
			Atorvastatin 80 mg	4439	81 mg/dl
TNT	Chronic CHD	4.9 years	Atorvastatin 10 mg	5006	101 mg/dl	Age <65/Age 65–75 years CABG present/absent CKD present/absent DM present absent DM+CKD DM+ No CKD Metabolic syndrome present/absent Resistant HTN present/absent Smoking status current, former, never
			Atorvastatin 80 mg	4995	77 mg/dl
IMPROVE-IT	Recent acute coronary syndrome on simvastatin	6 years	Placebo	9077	70 mg/dl	High risk (≥3 risk enhancers)* Intermediate risk (2 risk enhancers)* Low risk (0–1 risk enhancer)* Diabetes present/absent Age <65, 65–75, ≥75 years
			Ezetimibe 10 mg	9067	54 mg/dl
FOURIER	Chronic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease on maximal statin	2.2 years	Placebo	13,780	92 mg/dl	Baseline LDL-C <70, ≥70 mg/dl DM present/absent hsCRP levels <1mg/dL, 1 to 3 mg/DL, > 3mg/dL Lp(a) <37 nM, ≥37 nM MI history present/absent MI <2 years ago, ≥2 years ago ≥2 prior MI, 0–1 prior MI Multi-vessel coronary artery disease present/absent PVD present/absent Statin therapy maximal/submaximal
			Evolocumab	13,784	30 mg/dl
ODYSSEY OUTCOMES	Acute coronary syndrome <1 year on maximal statin	2.8 years	Placebo	9462	96 mg/dl	Prior CABG, CABG at index event, no CABG CHD only CHD+PVD CHD+CeVD CHD+ PVD+ CeVD DM, preDM, no DM Genetic risk score low/high 2018 AHA/ACC guideline very high risk with multiple events, very high risk with single event, not very high risk
			Alirocumab	9462	48 mg/dl

* Risk enhancers: Heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, peripheral arterial disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m², current smoking

AHA/ACC American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology

CABG Coronary artery bypass grafting

CeVD Cerebrovascular disease

CHD Coronary heart disease

CKD Chronic kidney disease

DM Diabetes mellitus

FOURIER Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk

HTN Hypertension

IDEAL Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering

IMPROVE-IT Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial

MI Myocardial infarction

PVD Peripheral vascular disease

TNT Treating to New Targets